JONATHAN WOLFE, LEO SANDS, ELISABETTA POVOLEDO, ALI WATKINS2026年11月12日周三，意大利都灵一所学校外，学生们因炸弹威胁被疏散。 Marco Alpozzi/LaPresse, via Associated PressHundreds of schools in Italy and elsewhere in Europe were evacuated on Wednesday after receiving emailed bomb threats that were determined to be hoaxes, officials said, adding to disruptions after flights and news outlets across the continent were targeted with similar threats last week.官员表示，意大利及欧洲其他地区数百所学校周三收到含有炸弹威胁的电子邮件后实施疏散，这些威胁后被认定为虚假信息。此前一周，欧洲大陆多架航班和多家新闻机构也遭遇类似威胁，进一步加剧了混乱。The latest messages, which were also sent to schools in Scotland and Northern Ireland, appeared to be part of a coordinated campaign to sow confusion across Europe, officials said, even as they indicated that they did not know who was behind them.官员表示，最新一批信息还发送给了苏格兰和北爱尔兰的学校，似乎是一场意图在欧洲各地制造混乱的协同行动的一部分，尽管他们同时表示尚不清楚幕后主使是谁。Italy’s education minister, Giuseppe Valditara, said that at least 300 schools had received the anonymous threats. He said that Italy’s intelligence agencies were investigating and suggested a link to other recent disruptions in Europe, including apparent cyberattacks on supermarket refrigeration systems and blood banks.意大利教育部长朱塞佩·瓦尔迪塔拉表示，至少300所学校收到了匿名威胁。他称意大利情报机构正在调查，并暗示此事与欧洲近期其他干扰事件存在关联，包括针对超市制冷系统和血库的疑似网络攻击。“It’s not the first time,” Mr. Valditara told “l’Aria che Tira,” a morning talk show on the La7 channel in Italy. “We obviously need to be vigilant, but we must also be aware that in a context where hybrid warfare is increasingly being used as a tool to destabilize nations and economies, we need to prepare ourselves.”瓦尔迪塔拉对意大利La7频道早间脱口秀节目《风向》(L’Aria che Tira)表示：“这不是第一次了。我们显然需要保持警惕，但也必须意识到，在混合战争日益被用作破坏国家和经济稳定工具的背景之下，我们需要做好准备。”Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni of Italy called a meeting for Wednesday afternoon with ministers and cybersecurity officials but said that “at this time, the investigations conducted have not revealed any evidence to suggest that a concrete danger exists.”意大利总理焦尔吉娅·梅洛尼周三下午召集部长和网络安全官员开会，但她表示“目前进行的调查未发现任何证据表明存在具体危险”。“Rather,” she added in a statement on social media, “they appear to be part of a strategy aimed at causing alarm and concern.”“倒像是一种制造恐慌和忧虑的策略的一部分，”她在社交媒体声明中补充道。The police in Scotland said that “threatening messages were sent to a number of schools” on Wednesday morning. “These messages were immediately assessed and are being treated as hoaxes,” the police said in a statement, adding that they were not advising schools to evacuate.苏格兰警方表示，周三上午“威胁信息被发送给了多所学校”。“这些信息经即时评估后被认定为虚假威胁，”警方在声明中说，并表示不建议学校疏散。Similar emails sent to schools across Northern Ireland were “being treated as a hoax,” the country’s Education Authority said in a statement, adding, “We strongly condemn these malicious emails and the distress and disruption caused to school communities.”北爱尔兰教育局在声明中表示，发送给多所学校的类似电子邮件“正被作为虚假威胁处理”，并称“我们强烈谴责这些恶意邮件及其给学校社区造成的痛苦和混乱”。Officials have emphasized that the extent of the threats remains limited. The number of flights affected last week, for example, was a fraction of the tens of thousands that operate daily in Europe. But anxiety is running high on the continent, where hybrid warfare attacks and intimidation tactics have shaken air travel and other industries in recent months as Russia’s war against Ukraine spills over its borders.官员强调，威胁的范围仍然有限。例如，上周受影响的航班数量仅是欧洲每日数万架次中的一小部分。但整个欧洲大陆的焦虑情绪持续高涨。近几个月来，混合战争攻击和恐吓手段已动摇航空旅行及其他行业，与此同时俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争外溢至其边境之外。What happened last week?上周发生了什么？周五，布拉格瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔机场的航班受到了干扰。Bomb threats targeted several European airlines, disrupting dozens of flights and forcing emergency landings, some accompanied by military jets. No explosives were found on any of the flights, according to officials.炸弹威胁针对多家欧洲航空公司，扰乱了数十架次航班并迫使紧急降落，部分航班有战机伴飞。官员称，所有航班上均未发现爆炸物。On Friday, Czech police said that Prague’s main airport had received threats of explosives placed aboard arriving and departing flights. The Hungarian defense minister, Romulusz Ruszin-Szendi, said that Hungarian fighter jets had temporarily escorted one of the flights.周五，捷克警方表示布拉格主要机场收到威胁，称进出港航班上被放置了爆炸物。匈牙利国防部长罗穆卢斯·鲁辛-森迪表示，匈牙利战机曾临时为一架航班护航。Officials at Copenhagen’s airport also said that Danish police had responded to threats to flights, without giving details.哥本哈根机场官员也表示，丹麦警方已对航班所受威胁作出响应，但未提供细节。A day earlier, officials said that targeted flights included an Aer Lingus plane flying to Rome from Dublin that was diverted to an air base in France; four planes heading to Prague; two LOT Polish Airlines flights, bound for Paris and Brussels; and two Aegean Airlines flights, from Thessaloniki to Milan and from Athens to Vienna. A series of similar threats on Nov. 3 disrupted flights in Poland, Spain, Bulgaria and Italy.一天前，官员称受影响的航班包括一架从都柏林飞往罗马的爱尔兰航空飞机，该航班备降法国一处空军基地；四架飞往布拉格的飞机；两个波兰航空航班，分别飞往巴黎和布鲁塞尔；以及两个爱琴海航空航班，分别从塞萨洛尼基飞往米兰、从雅典飞往维也纳。11月3日的一系列类似威胁扰乱了波兰、西班牙、保加利亚和意大利的航班。Nerves were further rattled on Friday after the offices of several news media outlets in Ireland and other European countries were evacuated following bomb threats that turned out to be hoaxes. Nova, a Bulgarian news media organization, reported that it had received a bomb threat by email that also claimed responsibility for the threats against planes.周五，爱尔兰及其他欧洲国家多家新闻媒体机构的办公室在收到炸弹威胁后实施疏散，这些威胁后被证明是虚假的，进一步加剧了紧张情绪。保加利亚新闻机构Nova报道称其收到一封电子邮件炸弹威胁，该邮件还声称对针对飞机的威胁负责。What are officials saying?官员们怎么说？On Friday, after the threats to media companies, the Irish government said in a statement: “It seems likely that this is a coordinated campaign of disruption.”周五，在媒体公司受到威胁后，爱尔兰政府在声明中表示：“这似乎很可能是一场协同的扰乱行动。”Heidi Alexander, Britain’s transport secretary, told British news media last Thursday that the government was taking the “malicious hoax threats” seriously, but that they were not believed to be credible.英国交通大臣海蒂·亚历山大上周四对英国新闻媒体表示，政府正在认真对待这些“恶意虚假威胁”，但认为它们并不可信。Officials at Aeroporti di Roma, which manages Rome’s two commercial airports, said that one threat arrived Thursday morning in an email written in Italian with the subject line “threat notification.” A spokesman for the airport operator said that the email had been sent from “fighters of the male state” who said they wanted to “turn the skies red” with explosions.管理罗马两座民用机场的罗马机场公司官员表示，其中一条威胁于周四上午通过一封意大利语电子邮件送达，主题为“威胁通知”。该机场运营方发言人称，邮件发件人是“男性国家的战士”，声称他们想用爆炸“把天空变成一片红色”。Police Scotland noted that the messages on Wednesday were “sent widely to distribution lists across the U.K. and Northern Ireland and our assessment remains that they do not represent a credible threat.” The agency’s Cyber and Fraud Unit was investigating, it said.苏格兰警察局指出，周三的信息“被广泛发送至英国和北爱尔兰的邮件列表，我们的评估仍然是它们不构成可信威胁”。该机构表示，其网络与欺诈部门正在调查。What else has Europe on edge?欧洲还有哪些事件令人不安？周五，在遭遇炸弹威胁后，警方在哥本哈根机场巡逻。A number of European countries have been affected by suspected cyberattacks on supermarket refrigeration systems, including France in October and Ireland, Sweden, Belgium and Luxembourg this month.多个欧洲国家受到针对超市制冷系统的疑似网络攻击影响，包括10月的法国以及本月爱尔兰、瑞典、比利时和卢森堡。On Monday, French officials accused Iran of orchestrating the October attack and issued international arrest warrants for three Iranians “affiliated with the Electronic and Cyber Center of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps.”周一，法国官员指责伊朗策划了10月的攻击，并对三名“隶属于伊斯兰革命卫队电子与网络中心”的伊朗人发出国际逮捕令。And on Nov. 4 France said that a cyberattack had targeted blood banks by raising the temperatures in storage refrigerators.11月4日，法国表示血库遭到网络攻击，手段是提升储存冰箱的温度。It is not clear whether the cyberattacks are linked to the bomb threats.目前尚不清楚这些网络攻击是否与炸弹威胁有关联。What is the goal?目的是什么？Neither the identities of those making the threats nor their motives are clear. But some officials and experts have sought to find a logic behind the targets. For example, Ireland — where media companies and the national air carrier, Aer Lingus, received threats — is hosting summits of European and global leaders this week.威胁实施者的身份和动机均不明确。但一些官员和专家试图在目标中寻找逻辑。例如，爱尔兰——媒体公司和国有航空公司爱尔兰航空均在其境内收到威胁——本周正在主办欧洲和全球领导人峰会。Peter Neumann, a professor of security studies at King’s College London, said he saw hallmarks of a hybrid attack: The targets were diffuse, and the goal seemed to be disruption.伦敦国王学院安全研究教授彼得·诺伊曼表示，他看到了混合攻击的特征：目标分散，目的似乎是制造扰乱。“The aim of a hybrid campaign is to create chaos, uncertainty and a sense of threat,” he said.“混合行动的目的是制造混乱、不确定性和威胁感，”他说。(Hybrid warfare involves tactics, including sabotage and disinformation, that are used covertly to destabilize countries and erode trust in institutions without provoking a major military response.)（混合战涉及破坏和虚假信息等战术，被秘密用于破坏国家稳定、侵蚀对机构的信任，同时不引发大规模军事回应。）But analysts agreed that it can be extremely difficult to attribute these kind of threats to any one actor or group with confidence. The Irish government’s statement said it was unclear whether the threats were from “individuals or a centralized or coordinated effort.”但分析人士一致认为，要将此类威胁明确归因于任何单一行为者或团体极为困难。爱尔兰政府的声明称，尚不清楚威胁来自“个人还是统一协调的行动”。“Bomb threats are incredibly cheap, and they are low-risk in the sense that they’re pretty easy to obscure,” said Rhys Jones, a security analyst at Osprey, an aviation risk consultancy, meaning a variety of people are capable of performing them, including teenagers or pranksters.“炸弹威胁成本极低，而且风险很低，因为它们很容易隐匿，”航空风险咨询公司Osprey的安全分析师里斯·琼斯说，这意味着各类人群都有能力实施，包括青少年或恶作剧者。Why are the hoaxes so disruptive?虚假威胁为何如此具有扰乱性？Marco Chan, a lecturer in aviation operations at Kingston University in London, said that even if a bomb threat is assessed as a probable hoax, it is difficult for the authorities to determine that for certain without carrying out a thorough search.伦敦金斯顿大学航空运营讲师马可·陈表示，即使炸弹威胁被评估为很可能是虚假的，当局若不进行彻底搜查，也难以确定。As a result, he said, if a threat is received while a flight is in the air, the authorities have little choice but to ground the aircraft for emergency inspections.他说，因此，如果航班在空中时收到威胁，当局别无选择，只能让飞机降落进行紧急检查。“If there is a shred of concern as to whether there is a bomb threat, they should always treat it as genuine,” Mr. Chan said.“只要对是否存在炸弹威胁有一丝担忧，他们就应始终将其当作真实威胁来对待，”他说。Jonathan Wolfe是《纽约时报》驻伦敦记者，报道突发新闻。Leo Sands是《纽约时报》突发新闻中心记者，常驻伦敦。Elisabetta Povoledo是《纽约时报》记者，常驻罗马，报道意大利新闻、梵蒂冈及该区域文化新闻。她从事新闻业已有35年。Ali Watkins为时报报道国际新闻，常驻贝尔法斯特。翻译：经雷点击查看本文英文版。