Initial results of the NRG Oncology NRG-GI003 clinical study comparing proton and photon therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) indicate that proton therapy did not improve the primary objective of overall survival (OS). At the planned interim analysis, the trial was released for reporting after it crossed the futility boundary. Proton therapy also did not improve the trial's secondary endpoints, including progression-free survival (PFS) and local progression (LP).