ADEEL HASSAN2026年8月20日 Landscape/Xinhua, via Landscape/Xinhua Via ApA Chinese aerospace company landed the bottom part of a rocket that went to space for the first time, state media reported on Wednesday, marking an advance for the country in its ability to partly reuse rockets for future missions.据中国官方媒体周三报道，一家中国航天公司首次成功在陆地回收了一枚升入太空的火箭的一子级，标志着中国实现火箭部分重复使用的能力又向前迈进了一步。The success follows the recovery of a different rocket’s booster stage, or first stage, which returned upright to a platform at sea last month. That vehicle was operated by a state-owned corporation, while Tuesday’s breakthrough was achieved by a private start-up, LandSpace.此次成功紧随上个月另一枚火箭的一子级成功实现海上平台回收。那枚火箭由一家国有企业运营，而周二的突破则由民营初创企业蓝箭航天完成。Reusing rocket boosters would allow Chinese satellite makers to reduce the cost of getting to orbit, and better compete in the global space market.火箭一子集的重复使用将使中国卫星制造商降低进入轨道的成本，并在全球航天市场中更具竞争力。“China is already prepped and primed to scale different space capabilities, like satellite communications, but they just needed reusable launch to really unlock the economics of that,” Kathleen Curlee, a senior research analyst at Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology, said in an interview on Wednesday.“中国已经为提高各项航天能力做好了准备，比如卫星通信，但他们一直缺少可重复使用的运载火箭，而这正是释放这些业务经济效益的关键，”乔治城大学安全与新兴技术中心高级研究分析师凯瑟琳·柯利周三接受采访时说。“Now that they’ve had multiple instances with two separate entities landing reusable rockets,” she said, “it just gives them even more power and capability to scale these companies that will be competitors for American companies.”她说：“现在，他们已经由两家不同的企业实现了可重复使用火箭的回收，这让他们有更大的力量和更强的能力去扩大这些公司的规模，而这些企业未来将成为美国公司的竞争对手。”China still lags far behind its American competitors, she said, especially SpaceX, the private space juggernaut founded by Elon Musk. It first achieved a booster landing with its Falcon 9 vehicle in 2015. The Falcon 9 now launches and lands reused boosters on an almost daily basis. A second company, Blue Origin, started by the Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, landed the booster of its New Glenn rocket for the first time last year.不过，她也指出，中国仍然远远落后于美国的竞争对手，尤其是埃隆·马斯克的私营航天巨头SpaceX。SpaceX于2015年首次实现“猎鹰9”号火箭一子级的回收。如今，“猎鹰9”几乎每天都在执行重复使用一子级的发射和回收任务。由亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯创立的蓝色起源也于去年首次成功回收其“新格伦”火箭的一子级。It is part of China’s core state strategy to pursue dominance in space, Ms. Curlee said, and Wednesday’s launch and booster landing was another step toward that goal.柯利表示，追求太空主导地位是中国核心国家战略的一部分，而周三的发射和一子级回收是朝着这一目标迈出的又一步。In the morning, approximately 2 minutes and 20 seconds after liftoff, the first and second stages of the reusable rocket, Zhuque-3, separated, the Chinese state news agency Xinhua reported.据中国官方通讯社新华社报道，当天上午，可重复使用火箭朱雀三号在升空约两分20秒后，一二级成功分离。The first stage of the rocket touched down “smoothly,” Xinhua said, at the designated recovery site in Gansu Province in northwest China.新华社称，火箭一子级在位于中国西北部甘肃省的指定回收点“平稳”着陆。The second stage continued to fly and deployed a satellite into orbit.二子级继续飞行，并将一颗卫星送入轨道。LandSpace is one of several Chinese launch companies, Ms. Curlee said.柯利表示，蓝箭航天是中国几家商业发射公司之一。The company is trying to achieve profitability, “so they’re on a very aggressive path toward commercializing reusable launch,” she said.她说，该公司正努力实现盈利，“因此正全力推进可重复使用火箭的商业化”。Chinese companies have been launching satellites with single-use rockets, letting their parts fall back to Earth or into the ocean. In July, the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, a government entity, recovered the first stage of its Long March 10B rocket using nets on a boat in the South China Sea.此前，中国公司一直使用一次性火箭发射卫星，部件随后坠落，返回陆地或海洋。今年7月，政府实体中国运载火箭技术研究院在南中国海通过网系捕获方式回收了长征十号乙运载火箭的一子级。China is aiming to match the United States as a space power, with an ambitious program to put astronauts on the moon. It is also building a pair of satellite constellations that it hopes will rival SpaceX’s Starlink satellites in orbit.中国正力争成为与美国匹敌的航天强国，并制定了雄心勃勃的载人登月计划。与此同时，中国还在建设两个卫星星座，希望让它们成为能够与SpaceX的星链卫星相抗衡的系统。The more than 10,000 Starlink vehicles account for about two-thirds of all active satellites in orbit, many of which provide high-speed broadband to remote and underserved areas globally. So far, the two Chinese constellations have only 400 satellites between them.目前在轨的星链卫星超过1万颗，约占全球所有在轨运行活跃卫星总数的三分之二。其中许多卫星为全球偏远地区和服务不足地区提供高速宽带网络。截至目前，中国这两个卫星星座合计只有约400颗卫星。The partly reusable SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, whose first stage returns to the launchpad upright, has revolutionized the space industry. It allows the company to send satellites into orbit in rapid succession.部分可重复使用的SpaceX“猎鹰9”号火箭（一子级能够垂直返回发射场）已经彻底改变了航天产业。它使SpaceX能够以很短的间隔连续将卫星送入轨道。China’s recent booster recovery breakthroughs are putting its space industry on a path to closing the gap.中国近期在一子级回收方面的突破正推动其航天产业走上缩小这一差距的道路。“This matters because it makes China’s satellite communications industry much more competitive,” Ms. Curlee said, drawing a comparison to the rise of Huawei, the Chinese tech conglomerate that makes telecommunications equipment and smartphones.柯利说：“这很重要，因为它使中国的卫星通信产业更具竞争力。”她将此比做中国科技巨头华为的崛起。华为是一家制造电信设备和智能手机的企业集团。“Huawei was able to scale and provide services all over the world, cheaply and in a robust way,” she said. “Countries and different users were willing to look over the security risks of using a Chinese system for communications,” she said, because it offered a quality, cheaper alternative.她说：“华为能够扩大规模并在全球范围内提供服务，价格低廉且方式稳健。”她还表示，“各国和不同用户愿意忽略使用中国通信系统所带来的安全风险”，因为它提供了一个质量可靠且更便宜的替代选择。Ms. Curlee said that once a Chinese company fields internet satellite constellations, other countries may think of it as an “alternative Starlink.”柯利说，一旦中国企业建立起互联网卫星星座，其他国家可能会把它视为“星链的替代方案”。Still, one or two successful launches doesn’t spell success.不过，一两次成功的发射并不等于最终成功。“There still is going to be some time where they have to continue to innovate, continue working on it, and prove that this is a repeatable instance and not just a fluke,” she said.她说：“他们还需要一段时间继续创新、继续努力，并证明这是一种可以重复实现的能力，而不仅仅是偶然的运气。”Adeel Hassan是一名常驻纽约的时报记者，报道突发新闻和其他议题。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site