StopAndProtect turned nearly 2,000 hacked WordPress sites into a criminal network for malware delivery, data theft, surveillance and ransomware.Check Point Research uncovered a cybercrime operation, dubbed StopAndProtect, that has turned thousands of hacked WordPress websites into a shared platform for malware delivery, data theft, surveillance and ransomware. The operation is a good reminder that a compromised website isn’t just a problem for its owner. It can become part of someone else’s attack infrastructure.“StopAndProtect is a newly identified operation that combines file encryption with data theft. The criminals abuse thousands of hacked WordPress websites as their infrastructure – using them to spread the malware, control infected machines, and store stolen documents, screenshots, and activity logs (records created by malware to track its actions, progress, or status during execution).” reads the report published by Check Point.Researchers first identified the campaign in May 2026. The operation starts with a fake CAPTCHA based on the ClickFix technique: visitors are told to prove they’re human, but the instructions actually push them into copying and running a PowerShell command. From there, the infection unfolds through several downloaders and loaders before deploying different malware components.StopAndProtect uses a toolkit of different malware rather than a single strain. Its components can encrypt files, steal documents, lock screens and even provide attackers with a chat channel to communicate with victims. That last point is important because StopAndProtect doesn’t always behave like traditional ransomware. In many cases, the operators first collect file lists and then choose specific files to steal. Encryption or screen locking may come later, depending on what the attackers find and what they want to do with the victim.research.The criminals used compromised WordPress sites for several jobs at once. The sites hosted malware stages, delivered commands, received logs and stored stolen files. Check Point discovered this because one of the servers exposed a directory listing through a PHP script, revealing more files, logs and open folders than the operators probably intended.The campaign appears to have reached close to 2,000 compromised WordPress domains. Many of the sites were running old versions of WordPress or outdated plugins, and one site examined by researchers was still using a 2021 version with almost 40 known weaknesses, including SQL injection, authentication bypasses and arbitrary file upload issues.“In one scenario, we suspect that the malware operator infected themselves and accidentally uploaded some of their desktop files to the collection server. This archive contains the source code of an automation tool for managing injected payloads at scale on compromised WordPress sites.” continues the report. “It also contains a few text files listing close to 2,000 compromised WordPress domains, giving us a hint about the size of the operation.” continues the report.The infection chain is straightforward enough to understand, even if it becomes more complex after the first step. A visitor sees a fake CAPTCHA, follows the instructions, runs PowerShell, and downloads further stages written in .NET. The malware can then encrypt files, spread through SMB shares and USB devices, steal credentials, capture screenshots, collect selected documents or show a ransom message.“We first noticed a ransomware family called StopAndProtect in the middle of May 2026. Further analysis of the infrastructure reveals that the infection chain starts with a ClickFix social-engineering technique, which prompts victims to execute a PowerShell command. This leads to two stages of additional downloaders and loaders written in .NET, followed by several main functional components, such as ransomware, SMB/USB worm, LockScreen, VBS spreader, chat utility and credential stealer.” continues the report. “Although the name StopAndProtect was originally given to the ransomware component, we decided to call the whole operation StopAndProtect, as it does not deploy ransomware on all its victims. In many cases, the attackers silently exfiltrate lists of files and later specific files from the infected machines.”The operators also built tools to manage the infected websites at scale. Check Point found an automation utility that could upload and delete files, enable or disable fake CAPTCHA pages, change redirects and manage additional payloads across the compromised sites. It was written with Visual Basic 6, a technology old enough to have a pension plan, but apparently still useful when the job is mass-managing hacked servers.The campaign also collected a remarkable amount of victim information. From mid-May to the end of July 2026, researchers found more than 700 archives containing stolen files, passwords, wallet information, screenshots and activity logs. One exposed directory held more than 20,000 screenshot files, while the researchers collected roughly 31,000 screenshots during the monitoring period.Some of the captured images showed victims’ desktops, browser activity, antivirus windows, ransom messages and lists of encrypted files. The malware could also monitor WhatsApp activity, search for a contact name and capture the person’s details, including a phone number. That moves the campaign well beyond file encryption: it becomes a surveillance operation with a ransomware component attached.research.Check Point counted more than 6,000 unique IP addresses associated with the campaign by 24 July 2026. The largest groups came from the United States, Russia and India, although IP location does not necessarily identify the victims’ real location or the operators behind the operation.The WordPress side of the story is familiar. Sites are compromised because owners don’t update the core platform, plugins or themes, or because administrative accounts are protected badly. Once attackers obtain access, they can install hidden must-use plugins that load automatically and create file-upload functions capable of accepting PHP files, which may lead to remote code execution.For website owners, the basic response is still the right one: update WordPress and every plugin, remove anything unsupported, protect administrator accounts with strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, review installed plugins and check for unexpected PHP files or unfamiliar administrator accounts. Web server logs, outbound connections and recent file changes deserve particular attention if a site may have been compromised.For visitors, the warning is more specific. A CAPTCHA should not ask someone to open PowerShell, paste a command into a terminal or disable security controls. If a webpage tells you to leave the browser and run instructions on your computer, close it. The CAPTCHA isn’t testing whether you’re human. It’s testing whether you’ll do the attacker’s work for them.Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook and MastodonPierluigi Paganini(SecurityAffairs – hacking, WordPress)