Industry leaders have welcomed India’s CAFE-III norms, saying the five-year framework provides automakers with greater policy certainty for technology investments and innovation. SIAM, Mahindra and the All India Distillers’ Association highlighted the balance between environmental goals, industry feasibility and energy security. The norms also recognise EVs, hybrids, ethanol-blended fuels and flex-fuel vehicles, supporting wider clean-mobility and biofuel adoption.