MEAGHAN TOBIN2026年7月28日本月在上海举行的世界人工智能大会上，月之暗面展示了Kimi K3模型。 Hector Retamal/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesThe Chinese start-up Moonshot publicly released the details of its latest artificial intelligence model on Monday, showing the world how it was built. But in a departure for most Chinese A.I. firms, Moonshot indicated that people or companies who want to use it on a large scale will have to secure licenses to use it.中国初创企业月之暗面周一公开发布了其最新人工智能模型的技术细节，向外界展示了该模型的构建过程。但与大多数中国人工智能企业有所不同，月之暗面表示，希望大规模使用该模型的个人或企业需要获得相应的商用授权。The model, called Kimi K3, sent shock waves through Silicon Valley and U.S. technology stocks this month when Moonshot said that it performed some tasks as well as the best models from American rivals, including OpenAI and Anthropic.本月早些时候，月之暗面声称这款名为Kimi K3的模型在某些任务上的表现可与包括OpenAI和Anthropic在内的美国竞争对手的最佳模型相媲美，这一消息当时在硅谷和美国科技股中引发了震动。Kimi K3 followed the release of other high-performing Chinese A.I. models. Most of these were open source or open weight, which means the company publicly shares the details of how it built the technology, making it easier for anyone to use it. China’s tech industry has embraced open source, which has helped Chinese firms improve their models quickly and won them customers around the world with lower prices.Kimi K3发布前，中国推出了多款高性能人工智能模型。这些模型大多采用开源或开放权重的形式——即公司公开其技术构建细节，使他人更容易使用这些技术。中国科技行业已全面拥抱开源路线，这不仅帮助中国企业快速迭代优化模型，也凭借更低的价格赢得了全球客户。The model’s release has also inflamed a fierce debate in Beijing, Silicon Valley and Washington about whether governments should take steps to limit access to Chinese open source models.这款模型的发布也在北京、硅谷和华盛顿点燃了一场激烈争论：政府究竟是否应该采取措施，限制外界对中国开源模型的访问？In the United States, executives, investors and officials are divided over whether the increasingly widespread use of Chinese models goes beyond being a threat to the profits of American A.I. firms to constituting a threat to U.S. national security.在美国，企业高管、投资者和政府官员之间存在明显分歧——中国模型日益广泛的使用究竟只是威胁到美国人工智能企业的利润，还是已经对美国的国家安全构成了威胁？In China, the debate centers on how to capitalize on making a technology that is accessible and popular, while finding ways to make money from it. Chinese companies must navigate those forces alongside evolving policies set by a government that has placed A.I. development near the top of its economic priorities.而在中国，争论的焦点则在于，如何让一项技术保持开放、易于获取并广受欢迎，又能找到从中盈利的方法。中国企业还必须在应对这些现实因素的同时适应政府不断调整的政策，中国政府已将人工智能发展列为最重要的经济战略之一。With its release of programming code and other information on Monday, Moonshot is showing its work in public, which is consistent with China’s open source ethos. But the company is also moving to capitalize on its model’s popularity by saying that large users will need to enter into commercial licensing agreements.月之暗面周一发布了程序代码及其他相关信息，公开展示其模型的构建过程，这符合中国推崇开源的发展理念。但该公司也开始利用模型的高人气实现商业化，宣布大型用户必须与公司签订商业许可协议。The model is so large that it could not be downloaded and used on a basic computer. While Kimi K3 is technically open, most people who use it will either get a subscription from Moonshot or get access to the model from another company that has reached a licensing agreement with Moonshot.该模型体量庞大，无法在普通计算机上下载和运行。尽管Kimi K3在技术层面属于开放模型，但大多数用户要么需要向月之暗面订阅付费服务，要么需要通过已与月之暗面签署授权协议的第三方渠道来访问该模型。Chinese companies have tried different approaches to bring in enough money to sustain the enormous expense of building A.I. systems. Moonshot is notable for being the first to make this commercial requirement so explicit, said Kevin Xu, the founder of Interconnected Capital, a hedge fund that invests in A.I. technologies.为了支撑开发人工智能系统所需的巨大成本，中国企业一直在尝试各种商业模式。投资人工智能技术的对冲基金Interconnected Capital创始人凯文·徐（音）表示，月之暗面值得关注的一点在于，它是第一家如此明确提出商业许可要求的中国人工智能企业。In the past, Chinese start-ups have shared technical details at the same time they unveiled a new model. But Moonshot waited nearly two weeks.以往，中国初创企业通常在发布新模型的同时分享技术细节。但月之暗面这次等待了将近两周。The delay signals just how sensitive this technology has become as a geopolitical flashpoint between China and the United States.这一延迟表明，在中美地缘政治竞争不断加剧的背景下，这项技术如今已变得何等敏感。Since Meta announced late last year that it would acquire Manus, an A.I. start-up founded in China, the Chinese government has placed enormous scrutiny on how A.I. systems made in the country are used by people outside it. In April, the Chinese government ordered the transaction be unwound, indicating that it was considering whether A.I. systems made by Chinese companies could be regulated as exports.自Meta去年年底宣布将收购由中国创立的人工智能初创公司Manus以来，中国政府便开始严格审查境外用户如何使用中国开发的人工智能系统。今年4月，中国政府要求撤销这项交易，显示其正在考虑是否应将中国企业开发的人工智能系统视为出口产品加以监管。Now, Chinese officials are grappling with how to regulate the technology to allow Chinese companies to compete with rivals in Silicon Valley, while keeping the strategic and economic benefits firmly inside China.如今，中国官员正努力探索如何监管这项技术，既让中国企业能够与硅谷竞争对手展开竞争，又确保其战略和经济利益牢牢留在中国。On the same day that Moonshot announced Kimi K3, Xi Jinping, China’s leader, made a speech at the World A.I. Conference in Shanghai that cast China as the global champion of an open approach to the technology.就在月之暗面发布Kimi K3的同一天，中国国家主席习近平在上海世界人工智能大会上发表讲话，将中国塑造成推动人工智能开放发展路线的全球倡导者。“The crux of the debate in China is how do you square these different signals about the strategic benefit of Chinese tech being used around the world,” said Samm Sacks, a senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies who attended the conference in Shanghai. “Beijing wants champions, but how not to kill the golden goose?”“中国内部争论的核心在于，如何调和这些关于中国技术被全球使用的不同信号，”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院高级研究员萨姆·萨克斯说，她出席了上海的大会，“北京希望打造业界巨头，但如何才能不杀鸡取卵呢？”China’s A.I. industry has faced years of U.S. trade restrictions that limit its ability to buy the computer chips that power A.I. systems. It also has far less money to buy such computer power compared to deep-pocketed American rivals.中国的人工智能产业多年来一直面临美国贸易限制，削弱了其购买驱动人工智能系统的计算机芯片的能力。与财力雄厚的美国竞争对手相比，中国在购买此类计算能力方面的资金也少得多。Two days after Moonshot announced Kimi K3, the company was forced to announce that it needed to stop accepting new users because it couldn’t get enough computer chips to serve them. The company is not accepting new subscribers. Moonshot declined to comment on its subscribers on Monday.月之暗面宣布发布Kimi K3两天后，该公司就不得不宣布暂停接受新用户，因为无法获得足够的计算机芯片来提供服务。该公司目前不接受新订阅用户。月之暗面周一拒绝就用户情况置评。Jeffrey Ding, a professor at George Washington University who studies A.I. competition between the U.S. and China, said that Chinese companies had embraced open source in part as a tool to help them catch up quickly to the best A.I. systems in the world.乔治华盛顿大学研究美中人工智能竞争的教授杰弗里·丁（音）表示，中国企业拥抱开源，部分原因在于将其视为快速追赶全球最先进人工智能系统的工具。“Chinese companies are not doing open source for the sake of open source itself; they are employing it at as a strategy, as a tool of the challenger,” he said. “Eventually the goal is to make money.”他说：“中国企业并不是为了开源而开源；他们把开源当作一种战略、一种挑战者工具加以运用。最终目标还是要赚钱。”Xinyun Wu自台湾台北对本文有研究贡献。Meaghan Tobin是时报科技记者，常驻台北，报道亚洲地区的商业和科技新闻，重点关注中国。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。