PETER BAKER2026年7月21日 Doug Mills/The New York TimesHe was like a kid with a new toy. As President Trump began flying the new Air Force One, he raved about the luxury plane donated by Qatar. “Truly magnificent,” he said. “Truly spectacular,” he added. “There’s just nothing like it,” he emphasized.他就像个得到新玩具的孩子。特朗普总统乘上崭新的“空军一号”，对这架由卡塔尔捐赠的豪华飞机赞不绝口。“真是太宏伟了，”他说。“真是太壮观了，”他还说。“没有比它更棒的了，”他强调说。And in a sense he was right. The new plane with its gold fixtures and reclining massage chairs was unlike the old one that presidents have traveled in for generations: It is believed to lack the same defensive countermeasures that the old model had to keep the flying commander in chief safe, as The New York Times has reported.从某种意义上说，他是对的。这架配备金色固定装置和可躺式按摩椅的新飞机与历代总统乘坐的旧飞机截然不同：正如《纽约时报》报道，据信，新飞机没有旧机型所具备的、用于保障三军统帅飞行途中安全的同等防御对抗措施。The furor over the new plane and its security drawbacks serves as a reminder of the evolution in presidential travel and efforts to keep the country’s leaders safe when they leave the fortresslike confines of the White House.对这架新飞机及其安全隐患的争议令人们思考总统出行的演变，以及当国家领导人离开堡垒般的白宫后的种种安保措施。The modern president rides in an armored limousine nicknamed “the Beast” that in theory could survive explosions, and flies in specially built Marine helicopters designed to defend against attacks from the ground.现代总统乘坐的装甲轿车绰号“野兽”，理论上能抵御爆炸；总统乘坐的直升机则是专为抵御地面袭击而设计的特制海军陆战队直升机。2023年拜登总统访问北爱尔兰。这辆装甲总统专车的绰号是“野兽”。But nothing has projected the political majesty that Air Force One has over the years. With its blue-and-white design and the words “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” emblazoned on the side, the plane has become a grand symbol of American power, recognized around the world. It’s even the star of its own action-adventure movie named after it.但多年来，没有任何交通工具能像“空军一号”那样彰显政治威严。这架飞机采用蓝白相间的设计，机身侧面醒目地印有“美利坚合众国”字样，是美国实力的宏大象征，享誉全球。它还是一部动作冒险电影的主角，影片的名字就叫做《空军一号》。When they have left office, presidents as disparate as George W. Bush and Barack Obama have lamented that one of the things they miss most about their time in power was the plane. (“Never lost my baggage,” Mr. Bush noted. No T.S.A. lines and “taking your shoes off and all that,” Mr. Obama pointed out.)从小布什到奥巴马，无论多么风格迥异，卸任总统们都曾感叹，关于执政时期，最令他们怀念的事情之一就是那架专机。（“我的行李从来没有丢过，”小布什说。奥巴马则说，不用排队过机场安检，也不用“脱鞋检查之类的”。）2001年，小布什总统在飞往新奥尔良的途中，于“空军一号”上的私人休息舱内小憩。But none fixated on the aircraft as much as Mr. Trump. In his first term, he was so intent on replacing it with a new, splashier plane that he had a model of what it would look like in the Oval Office, then took the model with him when he left and displayed it in the lobby at Mar-a-Lago. Now in his second term, he finally has the real thing, which he had painted red, white and blue.但没有人像特朗普那样对专机如此痴迷。在第一任期内，他一心想用一架更惹眼的新飞机来替换它，甚至在椭圆形办公室里放了一个新飞机的模型，并在卸任时将模型带走，陈列在马阿拉歌庄园的大堂里。如今在他的第二任期，他终于拥有了真正的新飞机，并让人将其涂成了红、白、蓝三色。去年，椭圆形办公室的一张桌子上摆放着新型“空军一号”的模型。What would George Washington have thought? The first president, after all, had only a horse at his disposal. Here is a short history of presidential travel.乔治·华盛顿会作何感想？毕竟，这位首任总统当时只有一匹马可供驱使。以下是关于总统出行的一段简史。一幅版画，描绘了乔治·华盛顿将军骑马进入特伦顿的情景，当时他正前往纽约，准备于1789年宣誓就任美国首任总统。Washington enjoyed a little pomp at his first inauguration, arriving for the ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. But by the end of the day, when he was trying to return to the presidential mansion to rest, the streets were so crowded that he had to abandon the carriage and walk the rest of the way.华盛顿在首次就职典礼上享受了一点排场，乘着马车抵达典礼现场。但到典礼结束时，他试图返回总统官邸休息，街道上拥挤不堪，他不得不放弃马车，步行走完了剩下的路程。When Mr. Trump arrived at the White House on the first day of his first term, by contrast, he was carried in a hermetically-sealed, bulletproof limousine. Officially code-named Stagecoach by the Secret Service, the car is more commonly called the Beast, the nickname bestowed by the news media when the first version of it was introduced in 2001 for Mr. Bush’s first inauguration.相比之下，当特朗普第一任期的第一天抵达白宫时，乘坐的是一辆密闭的防弹豪华轿车。这辆车被特勤局官方命名为“驿马车”， 但更广为人知的名字是“野兽”，这个绰号是2001年小布什首次就职典礼上，媒体给它的首代车型起的称呼。2017年，名为“野兽”的座驾载着特朗普总统驶过就职典礼游行路线。The latest version came into service in 2018 during Mr. Trump’s first term. And in situations where the terrain is more rugged, the president rides in an S.U.V. version of the Beast, called the “Camp Package” after Camp David. A new version was introduced this year.最新版本于2018年特朗普第一任期内投入使用。而在地形更为崎岖的情况下，总统会乘坐“野兽”的SUV版本，它因戴维营而得名“营地版”。今年又推出了一款新版本。The history of presidential travel has a long arc bent toward isolation and heightened security measures. During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln often commuted alone by horse from the Soldiers’ Home retreat to the White House; at some point Mary Todd Lincoln grew concerned and insisted that soldiers ride along with him.总统出行的历史有着一条漫长的发展轨迹，其趋势是日益与外界隔离，安全措施不断强化。在美国内战期间，林肯总统经常独自骑马往返于位于士兵之家的隐居处和白宫之间；后来，玛丽·托德·林肯对此感到担忧，并坚持要求有士兵陪同他骑行。President Franklin D. Roosevelt loved to drive himself in a car using special hand controls because of his polio. Following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, open presidential motorcades were a thing of the past, and with few exceptions, modern presidents never drive themselves.富兰克林·罗斯福总统由于患有小儿麻痹症，喜欢驾驶一辆配有特殊手控装置的汽车。在肯尼迪总统遇刺后，敞篷式总统车队成为了历史。除了极少数例外，现代总统从不亲自开车。1940年，富兰克林·罗斯福总统在访问佐治亚州期间，亲自驾驶汽车载着加拿大总理W·L·麦肯齐·金。A turning point in presidential security was the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, who was gunned down at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. After that, the Secret Service, which had only protected the president part-time, took on the duty of guarding him full-time.总统安保工作的一个转折点是1901年麦金莱总统遇刺案，他在布法罗的泛美博览会上遭枪击身亡。此后，此前仅负责总统部分时间安保工作的特勤局开始承担起全天候护卫总统的职责。But this was also a time of immense change on the presidential travel front. Mr. McKinley was the first president to ride in a motor vehicle and President Theodore Roosevelt the first to ride in an automobile owned by the government. His successor, President William Howard Taft, bought a few cars for the White House and converted the stables into a garage.但这也是总统出行方式发生巨大变化的时期。麦金莱是第一位乘坐机动车的总统，而西奥多·罗斯福总统则是第一位乘坐政府所有的汽车的总统。他的继任者塔夫脱总统为白宫购买了几辆汽车，并将马厩改建成了车库。1910年代初期，塔夫脱乘坐一辆皮尔斯·阿罗66型旅行车，这是首批官方总统专车之一。Woodrow Wilson was the first president to visit Europe while in office, crossing the Atlantic on the S.S. George Washington twice to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles, which formally ended World War I.威尔逊是第一位在任期间访问欧洲的总统，他两次乘坐“乔治·华盛顿号”轮船横跨大西洋，以谈判并签署正式结束第一次世界大战的《凡尔赛条约》。Many Americans might be surprised that presidents had their own yacht for about a century. From 1880 to 1977, a succession of different ships acted as the “Floating White House.” The 273-foot-long U.S.S. Mayflower was the first luxury version, and Theodore Roosevelt used it during his efforts to broker an end to the Russo-Japanese War.许多美国人可能会惊讶地发现，在大约一个世纪的时间里，总统们拥有自己的游艇。从1880年到1977年，一艘又一艘不同的船只曾充当过“水上白宫”。约83米的“五月花号”是第一艘豪华版游艇，西奥多·罗斯福在努力斡旋结束日俄战争期间曾使用过它。His distant cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt discussed D-Day plans with Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower aboard the U.S.S. Sequoia. But President Jimmy Carter sold the Sequoia shortly after taking office as a gesture to presidential modesty following Watergate.他的远房堂弟富兰克林·罗斯福曾在美国海军“红杉号”上与艾森豪威尔将军讨论诺曼底登陆计划。但卡特总统在就职后不久就卖掉了“红杉号”，以此作为水门事件后彰显总统谦逊的姿态。“红杉号”是曾作为总统游艇使用的多艘船只之一，于1932年停靠在华盛顿。Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first sitting president to travel by plane, a Douglas VC-54C Skymaster nicknamed “the Sacred Cow.” He flew to overseas summit meetings with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain and, eventually, the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, including in Casablanca, Tehran and Yalta.富兰克林·罗斯福是第一位乘飞机出行的在任总统，他乘坐的是一架绰号为“神圣母牛”的道格拉斯VC-54C“天空大师”客机。他乘机前往海外参加与英国首相丘吉尔以及后来的苏联独裁者斯大林的最高首脑会议，包括在卡萨布兰卡、德黑兰和雅尔塔的会议。第一架总统专机是一架道格拉斯C-54型飞机，人们亲切地称它为“神圣母牛”。But it was Mr. Kennedy who made the president’s plane an international icon. It was he who directed that a Boeing 707 reserved for presidential use be painted blue and white. He also wanted the lettering of “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” to mirror the look of the words on the Declaration of Independence.但让总统专机成为国际标志的是肯尼迪总统。他指示将一架专供总统使用的波音707客机涂成蓝白相间。他还要求机身上“美利坚合众国”的字体与《独立宣言》上的字体相呼应。Every president since then flew in planes with the same design, but Mr. Trump did not like it and insisted on the red, white and blue paint job.自那以后，每一位总统乘坐的飞机都采用了相同的设计，但特朗普却不喜欢它，坚持要将其涂成红、白、蓝三色。Air Force One is actually the official code name for any plane in which the president flies, but for decades there have been two primary planes, specially equipped Boeing 747-200Bs that presidents flew, until Mr. Trump’s donated Qatari luxury jet. They were delivered in 1990 during President George H.W. Bush’s administration.“空军一号”实际上是总统乘坐的任何飞机的官方代号，但在过去几十年里，历任总统主要乘坐的两架飞机是经过特别改装的波音747-200B，直到特朗普获得卡塔尔捐赠的那架豪华喷气式飞机。那两架旧飞机是在1990年老布什总统执政期间交付的。两架VC-25A飞机于2023年在飞往日本的途中，于阿拉斯加进行空中加油停靠。这些改装自波音747的飞机于20世纪90年代开始服役。Mr. Trump complains that the current planes are old and not as impressive as the luxury jets flown by Arab royals. “It’s like from a different planet,” he said.特朗普抱怨说，目前的飞机太旧了，不如阿拉伯王室成员乘坐的豪华飞机那样气派。“简直就像是来自另一个星球的东西，”他说。White House officials have tried for years to replace them with newly converted modern aircraft, but the $3.9 billion project has been repeatedly delayed. The first of the new pair of Boeing 747-8’s is scheduled to be delivered in mid-2028. Rather than wait, Mr. Trump accepted the Qatari jet as a bridge until they are finally ready.多年来，白宫官员一直试图用全新改装的现代化飞机来替换两架旧飞机，但这个耗资39亿美元的项目却被一再推迟。两架全新的波音747-8飞机中的第一架预计将于2028年年中交付。特朗普没有选择等待，而是接受了卡塔尔的这架飞机，作为在新飞机最终准备就绪前的过渡。Many critics, including Republicans, have found it unseemly or even corrupt for an American president to accept a plane as a gift from a foreign country, deeming it to be an obvious payoff to curry favor and an embarrassment that the United States not provide its own aircraft.许多批评人士（包括共和党人）认为美国总统接受外国赠送的飞机作为礼物是不体面的，甚至涉嫌腐败，认为这是明显的讨好贿赂，而且美国无法提供自己的飞机也令人尴尬。 But Mr. Trump cares little about such complaints. He wants a plane that he can show off and that he considers befitting of the most powerful person in the world.但特朗普对这种抱怨毫不在意。他想要一架可以用来炫耀、且他认为配得上世界上最有权势之人的飞机。周五，特朗普在华盛顿登上崭新的“空军一号”，准备前往纽约。Peter Baker是《纽约时报》首席白宫记者。特朗普是他报道的第六任美国总统，有时他也撰写将总统和美国政府置于更宏观的背景和历史框架下的分析性文章。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。