ALAN FEUER, DUSTIN VOLZ2026年7月22日特朗普总统与俄罗斯总统普京，摄于2025年。特朗普一直拒绝承认关于俄罗斯曾试图干预美国总统大选的调查结果。 Doug Mills/The New York TimesPresident Trump’s prime-time speech last Thursday was intended to shore up his tenacious lies that the 2020 election was stolen from him and leaned heavily on recycled claims that the Chinese government tried to tip the scales against him.特朗普总统上周四在黄金时段的演讲意在为他“2020年大选被窃取”的顽固谎言背书，并大量重复了关于中国政府试图令选情对他不利的陈词滥调。But a trove of intelligence documents that Mr. Trump declassified in hopes that they would bolster his assertions arguably made a stronger case that a different country — Russia — had meddled in the race.然而，特朗普为支持自己的主张而解密的大量情报文件反而提供了更有力的证据，证明是另一个国家——俄罗斯——干预了这场选举。Mr. Trump, nonetheless, barely mentioned Russia during his 25-minute address, in keeping with his longstanding aversion to admitting what criminal and congressional investigators have said for years: Senior Russian officials, including Vladimir V. Putin, the country’s president, worked to undermine Mr. Trump’s opponents in both his 2016 and 2020 campaigns.尽管如此，特朗普在他25分钟的演讲中几乎没有提及俄罗斯，这符合他长期以来的抵触态度——他不愿承认刑事和国会调查人员多年来的结论：包括俄罗斯总统普京在内的俄罗斯高级官员在2016年和2020年两次大选中都致力于削弱特朗普的对手。“He forgets or just omits that the biggest country that tries to influence on every election is Russia,” Senator Mark Warner, the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee, said on Sunday during an appearance on CBS’s “Face the Nation.” “We’ve documented that time and again.”“他忘记了，或者干脆忽略了，试图影响每一次选举的最大国家是俄罗斯，”参议院情报委员会最高民主党人、参议员马克·华纳周日在接受CBS的《面向全国》节目采访时说。“我们已经一次又一次地记录了这一点。”The prominence of Russia in the newly declassified documents — and Mr. Trump’s relative silence about the country during his address — was only the latest reminder of how the president has often sought to twist U.S. intelligence to support his falsehoods about elections he has run in. Those efforts have become more worrisome now that Mr. Trump has installed inexperienced loyalists and given them oversight of U.S. intelligence agencies. Bill Pulte, a housing official, is serving as the acting director of national intelligence until Jay Clayton, the U.S. attorney in Manhattan, is confirmed.俄罗斯在最新解密文件中占据突出地位，而特朗普在演讲中对俄罗斯保持了相对的沉默，这只能再一次让人们想起，这位总统经常试图扭曲美国情报，以支持他对自己参与的选举所编造的谎言。如今，随着特朗普任命了缺乏经验的亲信，并赋予他们监管美国情报机构的权力，这些做法变得更加令人担忧。住房官员比尔·普尔特正担任代理国家情报总监，直至曼哈顿联邦检察官杰伊·克莱顿的任命获得确认。The documents that Mr. Trump declassified last week were not the first to highlight efforts by the Russians to influence American elections. In many cases, the new files reflect information that was made public five or six years ago, either in previous disclosures by U.S. intelligence agencies or public statements by senior officials in the first Trump administration.特朗普上周解密的文件并不是俄罗斯试图影响美国大选的企图首次被揭露。在许多情况下，这些新文件反映的是五六年前就已经公开的信息，这些信息要么来自美国情报机构以前的披露，要么来自特朗普首届政府高级官员的公开声明。Most of the allegations about Russian election meddling in the 2020 election were contained in an analysis by the National Intelligence Council dated Aug. 19 that year, less than three months before Mr. Trump lost to Joseph R. Biden Jr. in a defeat that even now he refuses to acknowledge.关于俄罗斯干预2020年大选的大部分指控都包含在国家情报委员会当年8月19日的一份分析报告中。当时距离特朗普输给拜登不到三个月，直至今日他仍拒绝承认这一败选事实。The analysis maintained that Mr. Putin and senior officials in his government oversaw efforts to damage Mr. Biden’s campaign.该分析坚称，普京及其政府中的高级官员负责监督了旨在破坏拜登竞选活动的行动。Moreover, it said, the Russians conspired with officials and “other prominent persons” in the United States to “orchestrate a high-profile corruption scandal” implicating Mr. Biden and the Democratic Party at the peak of the campaign. Republicans have accused Mr. Biden of being involved, while vice president, in corrupt business dealings with his son Hunter and the Ukrainian energy firm Burisma.此外，报告称，俄罗斯人与美国官员及“其他知名人士”密谋，在竞选高峰期“策划了一起备受瞩目的腐败丑闻”，将拜登和民主党牵扯其中。共和党人指责拜登在担任副总统期间与其子亨特以及乌克兰能源公司布里斯马参与了腐败的商业交易。“Their aim is to defeat the former vice president” — Mr. Biden — “and ensure the president’s victory,” the intelligence council concluded, referring to Mr. Trump.“他们的目的是击败前副总统”——拜登——“并确保总统获胜，”情报委员会得出结论，此处的总统是指特朗普。The same assessment also made clear that Iran had taken some clumsier but still fairly aggressive efforts to harm Mr. Trump’s electoral prospects, actions that Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader, had most likely ordered. But Mr. Trump had little to say on Thursday night about Iranian election meddling, even though the United States is still at war with Iran. He instead highlighted China’s relatively muted actions, which he asserted had been hidden from him and the American people.该评估报告还明确指出，伊朗曾采取一些较为笨拙但依然相当激进的行动，试图损害特朗普的选举，这些行动极有可能是由最高领袖阿亚图拉阿里·哈梅内伊下令实施的。然而，尽管美国仍与伊朗处于交战状态，周四晚上，特朗普对伊朗干预大选一事几乎只字未提。相反，他强调了中国相对低调的行动，并声称这些事之前从未能够让他或美国人民知晓。The claims surrounding Burisma are among the longest-lasting efforts to smear Mr. Biden. They center on accusations that while serving in the White House under President Barack Obama, he used his power to derail a corruption inquiry into the company to protect Hunter Biden, who sat on its board of directors.围绕布里斯马公司的各项指控是抹黑拜登最持久的努力之一。这些主张的核心是指控他在奥巴马总统任内于白宫任职期间，利用自身权力阻挠了一项针对该公司的腐败调查，以保护当时在该公司董事会任职的亨特·拜登。At one point, an F.B.I. informant, Alexander Smirnov, claimed that the oligarch owner of Burisma had paid $5 million to both Mr. Biden and his son. But Mr. Smirnov was ultimately charged with lying about the purported bribes and admitted that he had been fed information by Russian intelligence.联邦调查局线人亚历山大·斯米尔诺夫一度声称，布里斯马公司的寡头所有者曾向拜登及其儿子各支付了500万美元。但斯米尔诺夫最终被控在所谓的贿赂问题上说谎，并承认他所获得的信息是由俄罗斯情报部门提供的。A U.S. intelligence community analysis from March 2021 found that proxies linked to Russian intelligence had promoted false stories about the Biden family “to U.S. media organizations, U.S. officials and prominent U.S. individuals, including some close to former President Trump and his administration.”美国情报界2021年3月的一份分析报告发现，与俄罗斯情报部门有关联的代理人曾“向美国媒体机构、美国官员和美国知名人士，包括一些与前总统特朗普及其政府关系密切的人”散布关于拜登家族的虚假报道。Federal prosecutors also undertook an expansive investigation into whether Ukrainian officials had helped orchestrate a plan to damage Mr. Biden’s 2020 campaign, including by using Rudolph W. Giuliani, Mr. Trump’s onetime personal lawyer, to help spread their misleading claims. Mr. Giuliani was never charged in the inquiry.联邦检察官还展开了一项广泛的调查，以查明乌克兰官员是否协助策划了一项旨在破坏拜登2020年竞选活动的计划，包括利用特朗普曾经的私人律师鲁道夫·朱利安尼来帮助传播他们的误导性说法。朱利安尼在该项调查中未被起诉。Russia’s disinformation campaigns, U.S. officials maintain, have included promoting accusations of corruption between the Biden family and Ukraine — as well as a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, not Russia, interfered in Mr. Trump’s 2016 campaign against Hillary Clinton.美国官员坚称，俄罗斯的虚假信息宣传包括散布有关拜登家族与乌克兰之间存在腐败的指控，以及一种阴谋论——在2016年特朗普与希拉里·克林顿的竞选中，是乌克兰而非俄罗斯干预了特朗普的竞选活动。Russia-aligned operatives met with people tied to the Trump administration to further seed these narratives. And that dynamic played a role in Mr. Trump’s first impeachment when he urged the newly elected Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelensky, to investigate the Bidens and then later withheld military funding the country needed in its ongoing conflict with Russian-backed separatists.与俄罗斯关系密切的特工会见了与特朗普政府有联系的人士，进一步散布这些言论。这种动态在针对特朗普的第一次弹劾案中发挥了作用，当时他敦促新当选的乌克兰总统泽连斯基调查拜登一家，随后又扣留了乌克兰在与俄罗斯支持的分离主义者持续冲突中所需要的军事资金。Even after Mr. Trump left office in 2021, his congressional allies continued examining the allegations about Mr. Biden and Ukraine but eventually came up empty. In 2023, House Republicans acknowledged that they had not uncovered incriminating material about Mr. Biden, despite their frequent insinuations that he and his family had been involved in criminal conduct and corruption.即使在特朗普于2021年卸任后，他在国会的盟友们仍继续调查有关拜登和乌克兰的指控，但最终一无所获。2023年，众议院共和党人承认，尽管他们频繁暗示拜登及其家人参与了犯罪行为和腐败，但他们从未发现任何能证明拜登有罪的证据。Senator Angus King, the Maine independent, seemed to scratch his head about why Mr. Trump had given short shrift to Russian interference during his speech in an opinion article he wrote over the weekend.缅因州独立参议员安格斯·金在周末发表的一篇评论文章中似乎对特朗普在演讲中为何对俄罗斯干预一事轻描淡写感到不解。“Amazingly,” Mr. King wrote, “Russia was barely mentioned in the speech, even though Russia has consistently been the most aggressive foreign meddler in our elections over the past decade.”“令人惊讶的是，”金写道。“演讲中几乎没有提到俄罗斯，尽管在过去十年中，俄罗斯一直是我们选举中最具攻击性的外国干预者。”Alan Feuer是《纽约时报》记者，报道特朗普总统对法院、司法部和更广泛的法治产生的影响。Dustin Volz为时报撰写网络安全和情报方面的文章，他常驻华盛顿。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site