2 min readJul 22, 2026 06:50 AM IST First published on: Jul 22, 2026 at 06:50 AM ISTThe killing of four Indian seafarers in the Russia-Ukraine war is tragic. It also signals the erosion of long-standing norms, underpinned by international law, that are meant to protect civilian maritime commerce. The MV Golden Leo, struck by a Russian missile in an attack that killed 10 seafarers in all while departing a Ukrainian port, was not a military vessel but a merchant ship. New Delhi has summoned Russia’s chargé d’affaires and lodged a protest — rightly so, given the loss of Indian lives and India’s stake in the freedom and safety of commerce at sea. In the past few weeks, Indian seafarers, including three aboard the MT Settebello, have been among sailors killed in and around the Strait of Hormuz, as merchant shipping and civilian crews are increasingly caught in the line of fire.The purpose of International Humanitarian Law is to shield non-combatants from the horrors of war. Repeated attacks on shipping suggest that these protections are being increasingly violated, especially when great-power interests are involved. Merchant vessels engaged in civilian commerce cannot lawfully be attacked unless they are being used for military purposes. The MV Golden Leo was reportedly carrying grain when it was struck. The global economy depends on maritime shipping and its continuance even amid conflict. Ukraine remains one of the world’s leading grain exporters, supplying markets across Europe, North Africa and Asia; disruptions across the Hormuz have already exposed the vulnerability of global energy supplies.AdvertisementMore than 10 per cent of the world’s seafarers are Indian, many serving aboard foreign-flagged vessels such as the MV Golden Leo (Guinea-Bissau) and the MT Settebello (Palau). Following the deaths of two Indian seafarers in West Asia last week, the Directorate General of Shipping has advised shipowners, ship managers and recruitment agencies against deploying Indian seafarers on voyages through the Strait of Hormuz. These are necessary steps. New Delhi must also defend the norms that protect civilian shipping. When merchant ships become targets, it is not only seafarers who are at risk, but the maritime order that has long kept the world’s commerce afloat.