JASON HOROWITZ, JOSÉ BAUTISTA, CARLOS BARRAGAN2026年10月29日周三，在西班牙乌尔达发生的一起两列火车相撞事故现场，应急救援人员正在开展救援工作。 Manu Fernandez/Associated PressTraveling home on a high-speed train from Madrid to Seville in Spain, Fernando Seco was annoyed when congestion caused the train to stop about a half-hour after its 8 a.m. departure Wednesday. Not long after, it restarted, picked up speed and slammed into another train stopped on the tracks.周三，费尔南多·塞科乘坐从马德里开往塞维利亚的高铁回家。列车早上8点出发，大约半小时后因拥堵停车，这让他很恼火。不久后，列车重新启动，加速行驶，然后撞上了停在轨道上的另一列火车。Mr. Seco, 62, and other panicked passengers climbed out of their carriage at the back of the train and into a field in central Spain. They saw the derailed carriages of the train they had barreled into in an embankment farther ahead. A rail beam, he said, had “pierced right through a carriage from bottom to top, like carving meat.”62岁的塞科和其他惊慌的乘客从列车后部车厢爬出来，进入西班牙中部的一片田野。他们看到，他们撞上的那列火车脱轨的车厢躺在更前方的路堤上。他说，一根铁轨“从下到上刺穿了一节车厢，像切肉一样。”He and others rushed to those carriages and found the dead and injured, those “trapped in a twisted tangle of metal and wreckage.”他和其他人冲向那些车厢，发现死者和伤者，“被困在扭曲的金属和残骸中”。The scene was eerily quiet because people were either dead or so hurt they couldn’t speak. He said survivors used parts of the destroyed train as makeshift stretchers to extract the injured from the wreckage. That’s when the screaming started. Doctors among the passengers treated people in what became a field hospital among almond groves.现场异常安静，因为人们要么已经死亡，要么伤重无法说话。他说，幸存者用损毁列车的部件作为临时担架，将伤者从残骸中抬出。这时，叫喊声开始了。乘客中的医生在扁桃树林间临时搭建的野战医院里救治伤员。At least 68 people died in the crash. More than 50 others were injured, some critically.至少68人在事故中死亡。另有50多人受伤，其中一些人伤势危重。Spain is living through a recurring nightmare. For the second time in less than a year, a high-speed crash between the same two train operators on the same busy line from Madrid to Seville threw the country into official days of mourning, shook its confidence in the security of it once-vaunted rail system and undercut its international image as a modernizing tourist mecca helping to thrust Europe forward.西班牙正经历一场反复出现的噩梦。不到一年内，同一条从马德里开往塞维利亚的繁忙线路上，同两家铁路运营商运营的高速列车第二次发生相撞事故。此次事故使该国进入为期数天的官方哀悼期，动摇了对人们曾经引以为傲的铁路系统安全性的信心，损害了西班牙作为推动欧洲前进的现代化旅游胜地的国际形象。一名乘客从其中一列火车上获救。In January, a collision between two high-speed trains near Adamuz, farther south, left 46 dead in what had been the country’s worst rail disaster since 2013. The crash on Wednesday surpassed that toll and became one of the deadliest train crashes in Spanish history. And coming a month before national elections in an already bitter campaign, it heaped more pressure on a left-wing government that often seems in a state of perpetual crisis.今年1月，两列高铁在更南部的阿达穆斯附近相撞，造成46人死亡，这是该国自2013年以来最严重的铁路灾难。周三的撞车事故死亡人数超过了那一次，成为西班牙历史上最致命的列车事故之一。而此时距离全国选举仅一个月，竞选活动本已激烈，这给这个看似始终处于危机状态的左翼政府带来了更大的压力。“It’s not possible for a country like Spain to suffer two high-speed train accidents in one year,” Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez told reporters at the scene of the crash. Even though the two episodes seemed unrelated, they showed that Spanish rail’s security systems needed to be reinforced, he said.“像西班牙这样的国家，一年内发生两起高速列车事故是不可接受的，”首相佩德罗·桑切斯在事故现场告诉记者。他说，尽管这两起事件看似无关，但它们表明西班牙铁路的安全系统需要加强。As he joined Spain’s king, international leaders, his election opponent and local officials in expressing condolences to the families of the victims, he said the country would turn its focus to why the crash had occurred.他与西班牙国王、各国领导人、他的竞选对手和当地官员一起向遇难者家属表示哀悼，同时表示，国家将把重点转向调查事故原因。His government had already given an explanation. Óscar Puente, Spain’s transportation minister, told reporters that the horrific crash appeared to have resulted from an “inexplicable” decision by train traffic control operators in Madrid.他的政府已经给出解释。西班牙交通部长奥斯卡·普恩特告诉记者，这起可怕事故似乎源于马德里列车调度员一个“无法解释”的决定。After watching a reconstruction of the crash and listening to relevant audio recordings of communications between the control center and the trains involved, Mr. Puente recounted the unfolding of a national disaster.在观看事故重建并听取控制中心与涉事列车之间相关通信录音后，普恩特讲述了这场国家灾难的经过。About 8:30 a.m., half an hour after the latter train — run by the national operator, Renfe — departed, the aging safety system along that section of the railway went down. Its failure forced the six trains traveling in that area to stop.上午8点30分左右，即由国家运营商Renfe运营的后一列火车发车半小时后，该段铁路沿线的老旧安全系统发生故障，迫使该地区行驶的六列火车停车。“我们看到了一场大灾难，”一位赶到现场的居民说道。他表示，自己帮忙用临时拼凑的担架搬运受伤的乘客。Following protocol, Mr. Puente said, a train traffic control center in Madrid took over. It allowed the Renfe train to resume its journey. “Was that the correct decision?” Mr. Puente asked. He clearly did not think it was.普恩特说，按照规程，马德里一个列车交通控制中心接管了指挥。它允许Renfe的列车继续行驶。“那是正确的决定吗？”普恩特问道。他显然认为不是。He said one conductor of a train not involved in the crash had even corrected the operator at the control center, saying that the trains were not supposed to resume normal operation and had to proceed at low speeds of about 40 kilometers an hour (about 25 miles an hour) that would allow their drivers to stop within the visible distance ahead. Mr. Puente recounted that the Madrid operator, who was not identified, replied, “Oh, yes.”他说，另一列未涉事列车的司机甚至纠正了控制中心的操作员，称列车不应恢复正常运行，必须以约40公里/小时的低速行驶，以便司机能在前方可见距离内停车。普恩特叙述说，那位身份未公开的马德里控制中心工作人员回答道：“哦，是的。”According to Mr. Puente, the railway control operator told the Renfe train conductor to resume regular travel “despite there being another train ahead of it.” The minister called the instruction “incorrect.” The Renfe train traveled 15 miles, or about 25 kilometers, before rear-ending the other train, which had remained stopped on the tracks.据普恩特说，铁路控制操作员告诉Renfe列车司机恢复常规行驶，“尽管前方还有另一列火车”。部长称这一指令“不正确”。Renfe列车行驶了25公里后追尾了另一列仍停在轨道上的火车。Mr. Puente said the stopped train, which was run by the private company Iryo, had apparently received instructions to move on, as well. According to the Spanish newspaper El País, which on Wednesday evening obtained audio of the exchanges between the conductors and the operators in Madrid, the operator authorized the driver of the Iryo train to resume “normal speed.” But seven minutes later the Iryo driver called to report that she could not restart the train. The Madrid operators failed to tell the driver of the Renfe train, which was closing in, that it needed to brake.普恩特说，那列停着的火车由私营公司Iryo运营，显然也收到了继续行驶的指令。据西班牙《国家报》报道，该报周三晚间获得了火车司机与马德里调度员之间的通话录音，操作员授权Iryo列车司机恢复“正常速度”。但七分钟后，Iryo司机打电话报告称无法重新启动列车。马德里操作员未能告知正在逼近的Renfe列车司机需要刹车。At the moment of impact, Antonio de la Corte, 77, was napping in the third carriage in the back of the Renfe train. “Bam!” he said, recalling that he was immediately awakened, lurched forward and banged his knees while his brother, with whom he was traveling, hit his head. A rail shot through the inside of his train car like a skewer, killing people seated to his right, he said.撞击发生时，77岁的安东尼奥·德拉科尔特正在Renfe列车后部第三节车厢里打盹。“砰！”他回忆说，他立刻被惊醒，身体前倾，撞到了膝盖，与他同行的兄弟撞到了头。他说，一根铁轨像串肉签一样刺穿了他所在的车厢，夺走了他右侧座位上乘客的生命。从其中一列火车上被救出的乘客。As he and his brother climbed down to the field, farmhands cut the fences around the embankment so passengers could take shelter in the fields of alfalfa and almond trees. Word of the disaster quickly spread, and Yahadi Mohamed Maulud, 41, a resident in the nearby town of Yébenes, loaded his car with water bottles and rushed to help.当他和兄弟爬下路堤进入田野时，农场工人剪开了路堤周围的围栏，让乘客可以在苜蓿田和扁桃树林中避难。灾难的消息迅速传开，附近耶韦内斯镇41岁的居民亚哈迪·穆罕默德·毛卢德把水瓶装上车，赶去帮忙。“We found a massacre,” he said, describing torn limbs and one woman, drenched in blood, searching for her brother. He said he was one of the first people on the scene and helped move the injured passengers on makeshift stretchers.“我们看到了一场大灾难，”他描述，现场有断肢，一名浑身是血的女人正在寻找她的兄弟。他说自己是最早到达现场的人之一，协助将受伤的乘客用临时担架抬走。Soon, a long procession of ambulances, police cars and fire trucks arrived under the whir of rescue helicopters flying low overhead. Dozens of Civil Guard officers, many wearing the white protective suits and masks used by forensic investigators, inspected the scene and gathered evidence.很快，一长串救护车、警车和消防车在低空飞行的救援直升机轰鸣声中抵达。数十名国民警卫队官员——许多人穿着法医调查人员使用的白色防护服，戴着口罩——检查现场并收集证据。Broken cables and fallen utility poles were scattered around. The derailed carriages looked pulverized, a heap of charred wheels, smoldering metal and crushed luggage. Some workers hovered over still bodies covered in Mylar blankets as firefighters used cranes to lift the wreckage in search of survivors and more dead.断裂的电缆和倒下的电线杆散落四周。脱轨的车厢看起来支离破碎，只剩下成堆烧焦的车轮、冒着烟的金属残骸和被压扁的行李。一些工作人员俯身在盖着聚酯薄膜应急毯的尸体上，消防员用起重机吊起残骸，寻找幸存者和更多遇难者。As family members and friends rushed to sports pavilions to which survivors, including Mr. Seco, had been evacuated in Urda, a group of Roman Catholic priests approached the crash site.亲友们赶往乌尔达的体育场馆——包括塞科在内的幸存者已被疏散到那里——一群罗马天主教神父来到事故现场。“We came to pray for the dead,” said the Rev. Luis Lucendo, 63, a parish priest in the nearby town of Villacañas. “One man told us that his wife had died, and I was able to make the sign of the cross over her,” he said.“我们来为死者祈祷，”附近比利亚卡尼亚斯镇的63岁教区神父路易斯·卢森多说。“一名男子告诉我们他的妻子去世了，我得以在她身上画十字，”他说。Mr. Maulud, who had brought water and other supplies, was also in Urda, watching the scenes of both thankful reconciliation and grief behind his cigarette smoke. He frequently took the train himself for business in Madrid, he noted.毛卢德带来了水和其他物资，他也在乌尔达透过香烟烟雾目睹了现场既充满感恩与和解，又弥漫着悲痛的景象。他说，他自己也经常坐火车去马德里出差。Then he added, “I’m never getting on that train again.”然后他说：“我再也不会坐那趟火车了。”西班牙首相表示，该国将把工作重点转向调查事故发生的原因。Jason Horowitz是《纽约时报》马德里分社社长，报道西班牙、葡萄牙以及欧洲各地人们的生活方式。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。