REBECCA ROBBINS, ANA SWANSON2026年10月29日去年，华大在北京一场展览上的展台。特朗普政府将这家长期受到美国官员质疑的中国大型基因组学公司列入贸易黑名单，旨在禁止使用中国强迫劳动生产的产品进入美国。 Ren Chao/Xinhua, via Getty ImagesThe Trump administration on Wednesday added BGI, a major Chinese genomics company that U.S. officials have long eyed with suspicion, to a trade blacklist aimed at barring products made with forced labor in China.特朗普政府周三将华大列入了一份旨在禁止中国强迫劳动产品进入美国的贸易黑名单。华大是一家大型中国基因组学公司，美国官员长期以来一直对其心存疑虑。BGI will be prohibited from shipping goods to the United States under criteria a 2021 law established.根据2021年一项法律确立的标准，华大将被禁止向美国出口产品。In recent years, both Democrats and Republicans have called out and imposed sanctions on BGI, saying its close ties to Beijing and its access to sprawling genetic data pose a threat to U.S. national security. U.S. officials have also linked BGI subsidiaries to abuses in the Xinjiang region of China, including conducting genetic analyses of Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim minorities.近年来，民主党和共和党人均对华大公开点名批评并实施制裁，称其与北京关系密切，并且能够获取大量基因数据，对美国国家安全构成威胁。美国官员还将华大的子公司与中国新疆地区的侵权行为联系起来，包括对维吾尔人和其他以穆斯林为主的少数民族进行基因分析。In a statement on Wednesday, BGI said it “has not engaged in any form of forced labor.” The company has previously said it performs work “for civilian and scientific purposes only,” denying that it poses a risk to U.S. national security or collects Americans’ genetic information.华大周三在声明中称，该公司“不涉及任何强迫劳动行为”。它此前曾表示，其工作“仅用于民用和科学目的”，否认对美国国家安全构成风险，也否认收集美国人的基因信息。 BGI sells DNA sequencing machines and operates laboratories that crunch genetic data on behalf of academic researchers and drug companies around the world. The company, which has a laboratory in San Jose, Calif., and offices in Massachusetts, does not directly market its sequencers and the chemicals involved in that process in the United States, though experts say the company has found backdoor avenues to ship them. Over the years, it has announced partnerships with several American companies and universities.华大销售DNA测序仪，并运营多家实验室，为世界各地的学术研究人员和制药企业处理和分析基因数据。该公司在加利福尼亚州圣何塞设有实验室，在马萨诸塞州设有办事处。虽然它并未在美国直接销售测序仪及测序过程中使用的化学试剂，但专家表示，该公司已找到其他渠道向美国输送这些产品。多年来，华大曾宣布与多家美国企业和大学建立合作关系。The move is likely to be considered an affront by the Chinese government, which has traded tit-for-tat actions with the United States in recent months despite a broader trade truce. President Trump and the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, are expected to meet in China next month and possibly the month after in Miami.此举很可能被中国政府视作冒犯。近几个月来，尽管中美达成了范围更广的贸易休战协议，双方仍采取了针锋相对的行动。特朗普总统和中国领导人习近平预计将于下个月在中国会面，并可能于之后的一个月在迈阿密会面。 Beyond BGI, the Trump administration has been escalating its scrutiny of China’s surging biotechnology sector, with proposed rules issued last week that would more strictly regulate certain investments.除华大外，特朗普政府还加强了对中国迅速发展的生物技术行业的审查，上周公布的拟议新规将对某些投资实施更严格的监管。The Department of Defense deems BGI and several of its subsidiaries as “Chinese military companies operating in the United States.” In response, BGI said in a statement that it was not controlled by the Chinese government or military.美国国防部将华大及其多家子公司认定为“在美国运营的中国军事企业”。对此，华大发表声明称，公司不受中国政府或军方控制。In a notice, the Trump administration said the new restriction would also apply to BGI Genomics, a BGI subsidiary, and MGI, a Chinese company spun off from BGI. MGI said in a statement on Wednesday that it had “zero tolerance” for forced labor and would seek to be removed from the list.特朗普政府在一份公告中表示，新的限制措施也将适用于华大旗下子公司华大基因，以及从华大分拆出来的华大智造。华大智造周三发表声明称，对强迫劳动采取“零容忍”态度，并将寻求从名单中移除。Dozens of Chinese companies have been added to the list related to forced labor. This past summer, the Trump administration added 43 to the list in industries like aluminum, apparel, copper and cotton.已有数十家中国企业被列入这份与强迫劳动相关的黑名单。今年夏天，特朗普政府又将43家企业列入名单，涉及铝业、服装、铜业和棉花等行业。 China denies the presence of forced labor in Xinjiang. But the U.S. government has said the Chinese government uses forced labor, mass detentions and other coercive practices to subdue the region’s predominantly Muslim ethnic groups, particularly the Uyghurs.中国否认新疆存在强迫劳动。但美国政府表示，中国政府利用强迫劳动、大规模拘禁和其他胁迫性做法来压制该地区以穆斯林为主的少数民族，尤其是维吾尔族。For years, several of BGI’s subsidiaries have also been on a separate Commerce Department list restricting their access to U.S. technologies.多年来，华大旗下多家子公司还被列入美国商务部另一份限制其获取美国技术的实体清单。Under a law Mr. Trump signed late last year, U.S. government agencies are barred from contracting with certain foreign biotech service providers in adversarial countries like China. The law did not name BGI, but it is affected because of its inclusion on the Pentagon’s list of firms deemed Chinese military companies.根据特朗普去年年底签署的一项法律，美国政府机构不得与中国等对手国家的某些外国生物技术服务提供商签订合同。该法律并未直接点名华大，但由于该公司被列入五角大楼认定的中国军事企业名单，因此也受到这项法律的影响。Last week, the Treasury Department proposed regulations prohibiting U.S. companies and investors from taking investment stakes in Chinese biotechnology. Those rules could chill certain types of agreements between U.S. and Chinese firms, though they crucially exempt the booming area of dealmaking that the world’s biggest pharmaceutical companies prize most, in which they have been filling their pipelines with experimental drugs from China.上周，美国财政部提出拟议法规，禁止美国企业和投资者入股中国生物技术企业。这些规定可能抑制美中企业之间某些类型的合作协议，但值得注意的是，它们豁免了全球大型制药公司最为看重、目前蓬勃发展的交易领域，这些公司一直在通过从中国引进实验性药物来充实自己的研发管线。Rebecca Robbins是《纽约时报》记者，报道制药业。她自2015年以来一直从事健康和医学方面的报道。Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。