ANTON TROIANOVSKI2026年10月28日特朗普总统的特使史蒂夫·威特科夫、贾里德·库什纳与俄罗斯直接投资基金负责人基里尔·德米特里耶夫上月在莫斯科。 Ramil Sitdikov/ReutersThe Trump administration is exploring a new concession to Russia: lifting sanctions on the country’s flagship government investment fund, long viewed by U.S. officials as one of the Kremlin’s most powerful tools of international influence.特朗普政府正在研究对俄罗斯做出新妥协：解除对该国旗舰主权投资基金的制裁。长期以来，美国官员一直将该基金视为克里姆林宫最强有力的国际影响力工具之一。Russian officials have pushed for the move as part of broader talks about the fund’s involvement in shipping Russian diesel fuel to the United States, according to people familiar with the negotiations.据知情人士透露，俄罗斯官员极力推动这一举措，将其作为更广泛谈判的一部分，该谈判涉及该基金参与向美国运送俄罗斯柴油事宜。A U.S. official confirmed that the administration was assessing the fund’s application for sanctions to be removed through established procedures as part of an effort to “improve U.S.-Russia relations and help end the war.” The official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the talks, praised the fund’s chief, Kirill Dmitriev, as “a helpful envoy” to U.S. negotiators in discussions to end the conflict.一名美国官员证实，作为“改善美俄关系并推动停战”努力的一部分，美政府正在依既定程序评估该基金提出的解除制裁申请。因谈判事涉敏感，该官员要求匿名，并称赞了该基金负责人基里尔·德米特里耶夫，称他在结束冲突的谈判中成为美方谈判人员眼中的“得力特使”。The consideration of more sanctions relief for Russia, which has not been previously reported, shows how the Kremlin is using a recent flurry of diplomacy over the war in Ukraine to advance an agenda that appears to have little to do with securing peace.考虑为俄罗斯提供进一步制裁宽免的消息此前未见报道。这表明克里姆林宫正在利用近期围绕乌克兰战事掀起的外交热潮，推进一项看似与缔造和平关系不大的诉求。In recent weeks, Mr. Trump’s envoys and Mr. Putin have discussed the sale of part of a Russian oil giant to a well-connected investor group; an effort to produce natural gas in Alaska, from which several executives resigned amid concerns about hidden Russian financing; and a proposal to increase Russian gas exports to Europe that has stunned European governments.最近数周，特朗普的特使与普京磋商了多项议题，包括将一家俄罗斯石油巨头的部分股权出售给一个背景深厚的投资财团；推进阿拉斯加天然气开发项目（该项目数名高管因担忧存在隐秘的俄罗斯资金注入而辞职）；以及提出一项令欧洲各国震惊的扩大俄罗斯对欧天然气出口提案。Removing sanctions on the multibillion-dollar fund, called the Russian Direct Investment Fund, would be a significant unwinding of the yearslong U.S. effort to use economic pressure to get Russia to change its behavior. The fund has invested billions of dollars in Russian companies, often alongside investors from the Middle East and elsewhere, pushing to expand Russia’s global influence.解除对掌握数百亿资金的俄罗斯直接投资基金的制裁将对美国政策构成重大逆转，华盛顿多年来通过经济施压促使俄罗斯改变行径。该基金已向俄企注资数十亿美元，力求扩大俄罗斯的全球影响力，并且常常是与中东及其他地区的投资者联手。The Biden administration imposed sanctions on the fund days after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, calling it “a slush fund” for President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia that was “emblematic of Russia’s broader kleptocracy.”拜登政府在2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰数日后便对该基金实施制裁，指责其为俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·V·普京的“小金库”，“集中体现了俄罗斯更广泛的盗贼统治制度。”Eric Green, who oversaw Russia policy as part of the White House’s National Security Council at the time, said targeting the fund was an early priority because its access to the Western financial system could help Russia finance the war and because of its “association with projects closely identified with Putin.”当时在白宫国家安全委员会分管对俄政策的埃里克·格林指出，打击该基金是早期的优先事项，因为其接触西方金融体系的渠道可能为俄罗斯筹措战争资金提供便利，且其“与普京高度相关的项目存在牵连”。Now the fund has taken a lead role in implementing Mr. Trump’s diesel deal, helping to arrange the first shipments of Russian diesel to the United States after Mr. Trump suspended sanctions on it on Oct. 9, a key Russian official has said. The fund’s head, Mr. Dmitriev, has acted as Mr. Putin’s economic envoy to the Trump administration, leading the Kremlin’s effort to convince U.S. officials of the great potential of business deals with Russia.俄罗斯一名核心官员表示，在特朗普于10月9日暂缓对俄柴油制裁后，该基金目前在执行特朗普的柴油协议中发挥了主导作用，协助安排了运往美国的首批俄罗斯柴油。该基金负责人德米特里耶夫充任普京面对特朗普政府的经济特使，牵头克里姆林宫的行动，力图让美方官员确信与俄罗斯开展商业往来的巨大潜能。“It’s been really, really good dealing with Kirill,” Steve Witkoff, Mr. Trump’s special envoy for peace missions, told Mr. Putin at the negotiating table in St. Petersburg, Russia, last week.特朗普的和平特使史蒂夫·威特科夫上周在俄罗斯圣彼得堡的谈判桌上对普京表示：“与基里尔打交道非常、非常顺利。”In the Trump team’s view, negotiating business deals with Mr. Putin now can help end the war in Ukraine by showing the Russian president that the United States is serious about building a new and prosperous relationship with Moscow. To the many critics of that approach, including some Republican lawmakers, Mr. Trump is simply ceding economic benefits to Mr. Putin without pressuring him to end the war.在特朗普团队看来，眼下与普京商谈商业交易有助于结束乌克兰战事，因为这能向这位俄罗斯总统表明，美国正认真考虑与莫斯科构建全新的繁荣关系。但在该方案的众多批评者（包括部分共和党议员）看来，特朗普纯粹是在未对普京施压促其停战的情况下拱手出让经济利益。Mr. Green, the former Biden administration official, said lifting sanctions on the fund would be a “real strong message that we are relaxing the previous position that we weren’t going to relax the economic sanctions and other costs until there was a settlement in Ukraine.”前拜登政府官员格林表示，解除对该基金的制裁将是一个“极其强烈的信号，表明我们正在松动原先的立场，即在乌克兰达成和平协议前绝不放宽经济制裁和其他的施压”。Speaking at a conference in Moscow on Oct. 16, Mr. Dmitriev boasted that the diesel deal was among the “concrete examples” starting to convince Americans that “sanctions are, in principle, philosophically wrong.” He said that his fund was prepared to handle U.S. payments for the Russian diesel, despite “a sea of sanctions restrictions.”德米特里耶夫10月16日在莫斯科的一场会议上公开声称，这笔柴油交易是开始让美国人确信“制裁在原则和哲学层面都是错误的”的一个“切实范例”。他表示，尽管面临“重重制裁限制”，他的基金已做好准备处理美方采购俄罗斯柴油的款项结算。Mr. Dmitriev left unmentioned that he was trying to get sanctions removed on his own fund amid the talks over the diesel deal, according to the people familiar with the negotiations. Mr. Dmitriev’s fund offered to serve as the go-between for Russian diesel being sold to the United States, while also asking for American sanctions on the fund to be relaxed, the people said.知情人士透露，德米特里耶夫在柴油协议谈判中对争取解除自身基金制裁一事未作声张。他们表示，德米特里耶夫的基金主动提出作为向美国出售俄罗斯柴油的中间机构，但同时要求美方放宽对该基金的制裁。The talks played out as Mr. Dmitriev helped put in motion an effort to hand Mr. Trump a visible win at a time of record high diesel prices.这场谈判推进之际，正值德米特里耶夫协助启动一项行动，旨在柴油价格创历史新高之际为特朗普奉上一场显眼的胜利。Three tankers carrying Russian diesel have set sail for the United States this month, according to Russian officials. The shipments were made “with the significant support” of Mr. Dmitriev’s fund, a Russian vice prime minister, Aleksandr Novak, said on Friday.俄罗斯官员称，本月已有三艘载有俄罗斯柴油的油轮启航开赴美国。俄罗斯副总理亚历山大·诺瓦克周五表示，这批运输是在德米特里耶夫所在基金的“鼎力支持”下完成的。The diesel was shipped without any U.S. buyers having paid for it, according to some of the people familiar with the negotiations. One of the tankers, the Agioi Fanendes, was scheduled to arrive in the United States on Nov. 7, after leaving Primorsk, Russia, on Oct. 23, according to Kpler and TankerTrackers.com, two ship tracking firms. The ship recently changed its destination from New York to “for orders,” meaning it had not yet received instructions on where to discharge.部分知情人士透露，这批柴油起运时并无任何美国买家先行付款。据船舶追踪机构Kpler和TankerTrackers.com的数据，其中一艘名为Agioi Fanendes的油轮于10月23日驶离俄罗斯普里莫尔斯克港，原定于11月7日抵达美国。该船近期将其目的港由纽约更改为“等候指令”，这意味着它尚未收到具体的卸货指示。向美国运送俄罗斯柴油的Agioi Fanendes号，摄于2024年。As Mr. Dmitriev’s fund sought sanctions relief amid the diesel talks, the Treasury Department took the position that the fund already had all the permission it needed to handle diesel transactions thanks to the Treasury’s Oct. 9 announcement suspending sanctions on Russian diesel.在德米特里耶夫的基金借柴油谈判谋求制裁宽免之际，美国财政部所持立场是，鉴于其10月9日公布的声明已暂停对俄柴油的制裁，该基金实际上已具备处理柴油交易所需的一切许可。Instead, the Treasury is going through its normal process in assessing the fund’s applications for getting sanctions removed, meaning that it would need to prove that the reasons for which it was originally sanctioned are no longer in effect, people familiar with the process said.知情人士指出，财政部目前仍按常规程序评估该基金的解禁申请，这意味着该基金必须证明当初对其施加制裁的依据现已不复存在。Despite Mr. Trump’s friendly rhetoric toward Mr. Putin, he has until now left almost all of the Biden-era sanctions on Russia in place.尽管特朗普对普京态度亲善，但截至目前，他仍几乎全盘保留了拜登时期施加的所有对俄制裁措施。But Mr. Dmitriev, a financier fluent in English who studied at Harvard and Stanford, has shown significant clout with the Trump administration. He has spearheaded the Kremlin’s effort to float potential economic deals to Washington, a strategy apparently aimed at getting Mr. Trump to focus more on doing business with Russia and less on pressuring it to stop its invasion of Ukraine.然而，毕业于哈佛大学和斯坦福大学、英语流利的金融家德米特里耶夫在特朗普政府面前展示了不容小觑的能量。他带头落实克里姆林宫向华盛顿抛出经济合作方案的策略，该策略显然旨在促使特朗普把注意力转向与俄做生意，而非施压迫使其停止对乌侵略。“The ice has finally broken,” Mr. Dmitriev said at the Oct. 16 conference, emphasizing that he was discussing deals to be done with the United States “right now” rather than only after the end of the war.德米特里耶夫在10月16日的会议上表示：“破冰之日终于到来。”他还强调自己目前正探讨与美国在“当下”即可开展的交易，而非必须拖到战后。Mr. Dmitriev’s wife is close with a daughter of Mr. Putin, people who know them say, and he has done business with Gulf leaders like Mohammed bin Salman, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, who also have the ear of Mr. Trump.知情人士称，德米特里耶夫的妻子与普京的一位女儿关系密切，且他曾与沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼等海湾国家领导人打交道，这些人同样对特朗普极具影响力。During the pandemic, Mr. Dmitriev and his fund financed the development of Russia’s Covid-19 vaccine, spearheaded its distribution around the world and often criticized Western vaccines. Since Mr. Trump’s re-election two years ago, Mr. Dmitriev has taken to X almost daily, in English, and echoed White House talking points.疫情期间，德米特里耶夫及其掌管的基金注资研发了俄罗斯新冠疫苗，力推该疫苗在全球推广，并频频批评西方疫苗。自特朗普两年前再次当选以来，德米特里耶夫几乎每天都在社交平台X上用英文发帖，呼应白宫的说法。“Ideological warmongering Biden-think is being rejected as destructive and inefficient,” he wrote about Mr. Trump’s diesel deal last week.谈及特朗普推动的柴油协议时，他上周在社交平台写道：“带有意识形态色彩的好战拜登思维，正因其破坏性和低效而遭到唾弃。”Mr. Dmitriev’s primary U.S. interlocutors have been Mr. Witkoff, who is also a real-estate developer and friend of Mr. Trump, and Jared Kushner, Mr. Trump’s son-in-law. In St. Petersburg last week, Mr. Witkoff approvingly told Mr. Dmitriev that “our Treasury Department is working with you now independently.”德米特里耶夫在美方的主要联络人是身为房地产开发商兼特朗普密友的威特科夫，以及特朗普的女婿贾里德·库什纳。威特科夫上周在圣彼得堡向德米特里耶夫赞许地表示，“我们的财政部眼下正独立与你们接洽。”“I think that’s leading to a sense of what the possibilities are between our two nations,” Mr. Witkoff went on. “We even talk about it now openly with the Ukrainians, to give them some sort of sense about what the possibilities will be when this whole conflict is ended.”威特科夫接着表示：“我认为这让外界看到了两国合作的潜能。我们现在甚至正公开同乌克兰方面谈及这些前景，让他们对冲突彻底结束后的种种可能性心中有数。”Jenny Gross自伦敦对本文有报道贡献。Anton Troianovski是《纽约时报》驻华盛顿记者，主要报道美国外交政策和国家安全问题。他此前曾担任驻莫斯科和柏林记者。翻译：经雷点击查看本文英文版。