Added infobox← Previous revisionRevision as of 15:45, 30 October 2026 Line 1: Line 1: {{Short description|Chinese communist leader}} {{Short description|Chinese military commander (1903-1936)}} {{family name hatnote|[[Liu]]|lang=Chinese}} {{family name hatnote|[[Liu]]|lang=Chinese}} {{Infobox Chinese {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = ⚫ |pic = LiuZhiDan.jpg | name = Liu Zhidan |s=刘志丹 | native_name = {{nobold|刘志丹}} |t=劉志丹 | native_name_lang = zh |p=Liú Zhìdān | birth_date = {{birth date|1903|6|17}} |w=Liu Chih-tan | death_date = {{death date and age|1936|4|14|1903|6|17}} | birth_place = [[Shaanxi]], [[Qing China]] | death_place = [[Liulin County]], [[Shanxi]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] | education = [[Whampoa Military Academy]] | children = 1{{cite web |last1=Boorman |first1=Howard L. |title=Liu Zhidan |url=https://xboorman.enpchina.eu/biographie/liu-zhidan/ |website=X-Boorman |access-date=30 October 2026}} ⚫ | image = LiuZhiDan.jpg | image_size = | caption = Liu at [[Whampoa Academy]] {{circa|1925-1927}}{{cite web |title=今天，一起追忆“咱们的老刘” - 中国军网 |url=http://www.81.cn/rw_208598/16455119.html |website=www.81.cn |access-date=30 October 2026}} | allegiance = {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Communist China]] | nickname = | service_years = 1925–1936 | rank = [[Da Jiang|Senior General of the People's Liberation Army]] | commands = | branch = [[Chinese Red Army]] | battles = {{tree list}} * [[Northern Expedition]] * [[Chinese Civil War]]{{KIA}} ** Shaanxi-Gansu encirclement campaigns *** [[First encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet|First]] *** [[Second encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet|Second]] *** [[Third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet|Third]] {{tree list/end}} | awards = | other_work = }} }} Line 12: Line 37: ==Biography== ==Biography== Liu Zhidan was born in 1902/3 into a literati family in Bao'an, since renamed [[Zhidan County]] in his honour, in northern [[Shaanxi Province]].(Chinese) [http://www.yhcqw.com/html/rwz/2008/326/08326154319325I6236AAIKF61E090KC82.html 傅国涌 "刘志丹的悲壮人生" 炎黄春秋杂志] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013100227/http://www.yhcqw.com/html/rwz/2008/326/08326154319325I6236AAIKF61E090KC82.html |date=13 October 2015 }} 2000年第11期 He was given the name Jinggui ({{lang|zh|景桂}}, ''Jǐngguì''), which he later changed to Zhidan. Liu attended the first primary school in the county and was a member of the first graduating class and gained acceptance to Yulin Middle School. He joined the Communist Party in 1925.{{Cite journal|title=Peking Review|volume=20|page=41|date=1977}} Liu Zhidan was born in 1903 into a literati family in Bao'an, since renamed [[Zhidan County]] in his honour, in northern [[Shaanxi Province]].(Chinese) [http://www.yhcqw.com/html/rwz/2008/326/08326154319325I6236AAIKF61E090KC82.html 傅国涌 "刘志丹的悲壮人生" 炎黄春秋杂志] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013100227/http://www.yhcqw.com/html/rwz/2008/326/08326154319325I6236AAIKF61E090KC82.html |date=13 October 2015 }} 2000年第11期 He was given the name Jinggui ({{lang|zh|景桂}}, ''Jǐngguì''), which he later changed to Zhidan. Liu attended the first primary school in the county and was a member of the first graduating class and gained acceptance to Yulin Middle School. He joined the Communist Party in 1925.{{Cite journal|title=Peking Review|volume=20|page=41|date=1977}} In [[Yulin, Shaanxi|Yulin]], he was influenced by the [[May Fourth Movement]] and joined the [[Chinese Communist Youth League]] and the Society for Mutual Progress, a progressive civic organization. In [[Yulin, Shaanxi|Yulin]], he was influenced by the [[May Fourth Movement]] and joined the [[Chinese Communist Youth League]] and the Society for Mutual Progress, a progressive civic organization. Line 21: Line 46: [[Chiang Kai-shek]] sent [[Zhang Xueliang]] to attack Liu's base in 1935 but Zhang's troops were soundly defeated by Liu in the [[Third Encirclement Campaign against Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet|Battle of Laoshan]]. But shortly thereafter, Liu Zhidan was purged at the hands of commissars sent from Shanghai, then headquarters of the Communists. He and his comrades were jailed. Many subordinates were executed. He was about to be executed when Mao Zedong and the [[Long March]]ers arrived in the Northwest, halted the rectification campaign and had Liu and his comrades released. Liu's base became a refuge for the other defeated Red Armies and grew to become the [[Yan'an Soviet]], the primary base of the Chinese Communists until 1947. [[Chiang Kai-shek]] sent [[Zhang Xueliang]] to attack Liu's base in 1935 but Zhang's troops were soundly defeated by Liu in the [[Third Encirclement Campaign against Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet|Battle of Laoshan]]. But shortly thereafter, Liu Zhidan was purged at the hands of commissars sent from Shanghai, then headquarters of the Communists. He and his comrades were jailed. Many subordinates were executed. He was about to be executed when Mao Zedong and the [[Long March]]ers arrived in the Northwest, halted the rectification campaign and had Liu and his comrades released. Liu's base became a refuge for the other defeated Red Armies and grew to become the [[Yan'an Soviet]], the primary base of the Chinese Communists until 1947. Liu himself was dispatched by Mao to lead the [[Northern Expedition|Eastern Expedition]] against [[Yan Xishan]]. He was killed in battle in April 1936 and named a martyr. His home county of [[Zhidan County|Bao'an]] was later named after him. Liu himself was dispatched by Mao to lead the Eastern Expedition against [[Yan Xishan]]. He was killed in battle in April 1936 and named a martyr. His home county of [[Zhidan County|Bao'an]] was later named after him. == Views == == Views == Line 31: Line 56: ==Legacy== ==Legacy== [[File:革命公园-刘志丹雕像.jpg|thumb|A statue of Liu at Revolution Park in [[Xincheng, Xi'an]]]] Liu Zhidan was hailed as martyr at the time of his death and remembered as such until 1962 when a [[biographical novel]] about his life ([[Liu Zhidan (novel)|titled ''Liu Zhidan'']]) was criticized by [[Kang Sheng]] as an anti-party conspiracy because one of the characters in the novel alluded to purged former leader [[Gao Gang]]. Xi Zhongxun, one of his former comrades and subordinates was purged as a result.[[:zh:反黨小說《劉志丹》案]][http://history.people.com.cn/GB/198305/198865/13240624.html 小說《劉志丹》冤案始末：康生硬說“是為高崗翻案”]. {{in lang|zh-hans}} During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Liu's grave was ransacked by [[Red Guards (China)|Red Guards]]. After the Cultural Revolution, Liu's legacy was rehabilitated. Liu Zhidan was hailed as martyr at the time of his death. His younger brother would become vice chairman of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region in 1947. Liu's posthumous reputation would remain until 1962 when a [[biographical novel]] about his life ([[Liu Zhidan (novel)|titled ''Liu Zhidan'']]) was criticized by [[Kang Sheng]] as an anti-party conspiracy because one of the characters in the novel alluded to purged former leader [[Gao Gang]]. Xi Zhongxun, one of his former comrades and subordinates was purged as a result.[[:zh:反黨小說《劉志丹》案]][http://history.people.com.cn/GB/198305/198865/13240624.html 小說《劉志丹》冤案始末：康生硬說“是為高崗翻案”]. {{in lang|zh-hans}} During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Liu's grave was ransacked by [[Red Guards (China)|Red Guards]]. After the Cultural Revolution, Liu's legacy was rehabilitated. ==Notes== ==Notes==