Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2026 Oct 28. doi: 10.1007/10_2026_370. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMicrobial cell biosensors are capable of detecting fluctuations in the concentrations of substances both inside and outside the cell, as well as changes in the external environment, and can generate measurable signal outputs. Microbial cell biosensors are characterized by low cost, simple operation, and high specificity. The rapid advancement of synthetic biology has significantly propelled the development and practical application of microbial cell biosensors. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive summary of the composition and working principles of microbial cell biosensors. Additionally, we introduce various strategies and the latest progress in modifying biorecognition element and reporting elements using molecular biology and synthetic biology techniques in recent years. This book chapter offers new insights and valuable references for the research and development of microbial cell biosensors.PMID:42944860 | DOI:10.1007/10_2026_370