JIM TANKERSLEY, ALAN RAPPEPORT2026年9月1日峰会前，美国财长斯科特·贝森特与美联储主席凯文·沃什在北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔。国际货币基金组织预计，今年全球经济增长将放缓，通胀将上升。 Melissa S. Gerrits/ReutersRussia’s finance minister made a surprise appearance at a gathering of top global economic policymakers on Monday after a prolonged absence, an invitation that was extended by the Trump administration but drew rebukes and protests from European officials committed to isolating Moscow for its war against Ukraine.长期缺席国际舞台后，俄罗斯财长周一意外现身一场全球主要经济政策制定者会议。特朗普政府向他发出了邀请，但此举遭到欧洲官员谴责，他们一直因俄罗斯入侵乌克兰而推动孤立莫斯科。The summit of finance ministers and central bankers from the Group of 20 nations, in the mountain town of Asheville, was billed by the Treasury Department as a chance to find global cooperation on new economic punishments for Iran and new strategies to boost growth at a time of stubbornly high inflation and rising borrowing costs that are straining government budgets.二十国集团(G20)财长和央行行长会议在北卡罗来纳州山城阿什维尔举行，原本被美国财政部定位为一次寻求全球合作的机会，议题包括对伊朗实施新的经济惩罚，以及在通胀居高不下、借贷成本上升给政府预算带来压力的背景下寻找促进经济增长的新策略。Instead, the meeting opened on Monday morning with European outrage over the Russian finance minister, Anton Siluanov, who was physically in attendance for the first time since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022.但会议周一上午开场时，欧洲对俄罗斯财长安东·西卢安诺夫表示强烈不满。这是自2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来他首次出席该会议。Lars Klingbeil, the German vice chancellor and finance minister, told reporters that he had scolded Mr. Siluanov during an early session of the meeting for the invasion, demanding that Russia end the war and pledging ongoing support for Ukraine, which was not represented in person at the gathering.德国副总理兼财长拉尔斯·克林拜尔告诉记者，在会议早些时候的一场讨论中，他曾当面斥责西卢安诺夫，谴责俄罗斯的入侵行径，要求结束战争，并承诺德国将继续支持乌克兰。乌克兰并未派代表出席此次会议。Serhiy Marchenko, Ukraine’s finance minister, is expected to participate by video conference on Monday afternoon in a meeting of finance ministers from the Group of 7 nations that France is leading. France is host of the G7 this year and will be holding the meeting on the sidelines of the broader G20 gathering.乌克兰财长谢尔盖·马尔琴科预计将于周一下午通过视频参加七国集团(G7)财长会议。此次会议由法国主持，于G20会议期间举行。法国今年是G7的轮值主席国。European leaders have worked to isolate Russia in the global economy and on the diplomatic stage, and, at a moment in the war when Moscow has relentlessly bombarded Kyiv, they did not want anything at the meeting to suggest that has changed.欧洲领导人一直致力于在全球经济和外交舞台上孤立俄罗斯。在莫斯科持续猛烈轰炸基辅的战争背景下，他们不希望会议上的任何举动让人以为这一孤立立场已经松动。“Receiving the Russian finance minister here sends a signal I find troubling,” Mr. Klingbeil told reporters on Monday afternoon. “I would have preferred clear positioning from the U.S. side that he not be received like a regular guest.”克林拜尔周一下午对记者表示：“俄罗斯财政部长获邀来到这里，我认为这是一个令人不安的信号。我更希望看到美方明确表态，不应该像接待一名常规来宾那样接待他。”Mr. Siluanov’s presence was not announced publicly by American officials before the summit, and White House officials did not respond to questions on Sunday over whether he had been invited. His appearance came as President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia was set to join President Xi Jinping of China and President Masoud Pezeshkian of Iran at a summit in Kyrgyzstan. China’s finance minister and the head of its central bank were, as is typical, also in attendance at the G20 meeting.在峰会召开前，美国官员并未公开宣布西卢安诺夫将出席。白宫官员周日也没有回答有关他是否受邀的问题。西卢安诺夫现身之际，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京正准备在吉尔吉斯斯坦参加一场峰会，与中国国家主席习近平以及伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽希齐扬会面。中国财长和央行行长也依惯例出席了G20会议。Mr. Klingbeil said European representatives had unanimously demanded that their American hosts not include Mr. Siluanov in a traditional group photo from the summit, threatening to boycott if he was in the picture.克林拜尔表示，欧洲代表一致要求美国东道主不要让西卢安诺夫参加峰会传统的集体合影，并威胁如果有他出现，他们就将抵制合影。It was eventually taken without him, and with the Europeans.最终，西卢安诺夫没有参加拍摄，欧洲代表悉数出席。Many Europeans were also upset that representatives from South Africa, a longtime member of the G20 and Africa’s largest economy, were not invited by the Treasury Department to Asheville. President Trump announced last year, after skipping a G20 summit hosted by South Africa, that he would exclude the country from this year’s meetings, citing a false narrative that white South Africans were being indiscriminately killed and that their land was being seized.许多欧洲官员还对南非未被美国财政部邀请参加阿什维尔峰会感到不满。南非是G20的长期成员国，也是非洲最大的经济体。特朗普总统去年在缺席了南非主办的G20峰会后宣布，将把南非排除在今年会议之外，他声称，南非白人正遭到不分青红皂白的杀害，土地也正被强行夺走；但这一说法并无事实依据。Administration officials invited a group of American business executives, from industries like banking and cryptocurrency, to meet with the government leaders in an effort to create networking opportunities between government officials and the private sector. They rebuffed requests to also include executives from other G20 countries. The moves have unsettled some attendees at the gathering; Mr. Klingbeil appeared to have left the first C.E.O. session to speak to reporters.特朗普政府官员还邀请了包括银行业和加密货币行业人士在内的一批美国企业高管与各国领导人会面，希望借此为政府官员和私营部门创造交流机会。但对于将其他G20国家的企业高管也纳入其中的请求，他们予以拒绝。这些做法令一些与会者感到不安。克林拜尔似乎还提前离开了首场CEO会议，随后接受了记者采访。As he welcomed his international counterparts to the summit, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the U.S. wanted to refocus the G20 on its original mission of accelerating global growth. He said countries needed to work together to reverse global economic imbalances that were harming many nations.美国财长斯科特·贝森特在欢迎各国代表与会时表示，美国希望让G20重新聚焦于其最初的使命，即促进全球经济增长。他表示，各国需要共同努力，扭转正在损害许多国家的全球经济失衡。“A durable global economy cannot rest on beggar-thy-neighbor acts that stifle fair, market-based competition,” Mr. Bessent said.贝森特表示：“一个持久的全球经济不能建立在以邻为壑、扼杀公平的市场竞争的行为之上。”The summit comes at a pivotal moment, with the International Monetary Fund projecting that global growth will slow this year and inflation will rise. The decision by the United States to attack Iran in February disrupted the flow of oil and pushed energy prices higher, darkening the outlook for a world economy that has been battered by wars and a pandemic in recent years.此次峰会召开之际，全球经济正处于一个关键节点。国际货币基金组织(IMF)预计，今年全球经济增长将放缓，通胀将上升。美国今年2月决定对伊朗发动的打击行动扰乱了石油供应，推高了能源价格，给近年来饱受战争和疫情冲击的全球经济前景进一步蒙上阴影。Huddled in a North Carolina mountain resort, officials were expected to discuss ways to reinforce global supply chains for commodities such as critical minerals, opportunities to increase international investment and strategies for reducing or restructuring debt. The conversations are taking place as the U.S. gross national debt just topped $40 trillion, creating anxiety among bondholders and raising fears about higher borrowing costs.官员们预计将在北卡罗来纳州的一处山区度假胜地举行讨论，议题包括如何加强关键矿产等大宗商品的全球供应链、增加国际投资的机会，以及减少或重组债务的策略。与此同时，美国国债总额刚刚突破40万亿美元，这让债券持有人感到焦虑，并引发了对借贷成本上升的担忧。“Mounting fiscal pressures, as evidenced by rising bond yields, and a stalled disinflation process — they are sources of worries both for markets and for policymakers,” Kristalina Georgieva, managing director of the I.M.F., told reporters ahead of the meetings.IMF总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃在会前对记者表示：“不断加剧的财政压力（债券收益率上升就是明证）及通胀回落进程的停滞都令市场和政策制定者感到担忧。”Those concerns have been especially evident in the United States. In recent weeks, Mr. Bessent initiated surprising interventions in global currency markets and in the U.S. bond market in an effort to contain rising borrowing costs. Those measures have so far been only modestly effective, and they have drawn pushback from the European Union, which has seen its own currency suffer as a result of some of Mr. Bessent’s machinations.这些担忧在美国尤其明显。最近几周，贝森特出人意料地对全球外汇市场和美国债券市场进行了干预，试图遏制不断上升的借贷成本。到目前为止，这些措施的效果都比较有限，而且已经受到欧盟的反对，因为贝森特的一些操作导致欧盟货币承压。Global leaders also remain wary of the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran, which has driven up energy costs worldwide, disrupted supply chains and dragged on growth.全球领导人对美国和以色列对伊朗的战争也仍然感到担忧。这场战争推高了全球能源成本，扰乱供应链，并拖累经济增长。Unifying the G20 has been a challenge for the administration, as countries continue to cope with the uncertainty surrounding Mr. Trump’s trade policies and the steep tariffs that he has imposed on imports, along with fallout from the war.对于特朗普政府而言，要让G20形成统一立场一直是一个挑战。各国仍在应对特朗普贸易政策带来的不确定性，以及他对进口商品征收的高额关税，同时还要承受战争造成的连锁影响。American officials have asked allies to join their “Operation Economic Outcast” initiative, which aims to strangle the Iranian economy and resolve the conflict through economic sanctions. Mr. Bessent warned last week that countries that did not sever economic ties with Iran would also face U.S. sanctions.美国官员已要求盟友加入其“经济孤立”行动，该行动旨在通过经济制裁扼杀伊朗经济、解决冲突。贝森特上周警告称，不与伊朗切断经济联系的国家也将面临美国的制裁。A senior Treasury official said in a briefing ahead of the Asheville meetings that the Iran plans would feature prominently in the discussions. Mr. Bessent signaled last week that the United States would have limited patience for countries that maintained economic ties with Iran, and that he hoped other countries would comply with the Trump administration’s demands to cut off Iran in order to avoid a broader global economic war.一名美国财政部高级官员在阿什维尔会议召开前的吹风会上表示，对伊朗的相关计划将成为会议讨论的重点。贝森特上周表示，对于那些继续与伊朗保持经济联系的国家，美国政府的耐心将非常有限。他希望其他国家能够配合特朗普政府的要求，切断与伊朗的经济联系，以避免演变成一场更广泛的全球经济战争。“Why would I want to blow up the global financial system?” Mr. Bessent said.“我怎么会想要把全球金融体系搞垮？”贝森特说。In another controversy, the Treasury has denied press credentials for attending the meetings to certain U.S.-based reporters for The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, along with correspondents for Bloomberg News from several countries.另一场争议则涉及媒体。美国财政部拒绝向《纽约时报》和《华尔街日报》的部分美国记者以及来自多个国家的彭博新闻社记者发放参加此次会议的采访证。Germany’s finance ministry intervened with the Treasury after it initially denied credentials to German-based reporters from The Times and Bloomberg, who planned to travel with Mr. Klingbeil to Asheville.德国财政部随后介入，与美国财政部交涉。此前，美国财政部拒绝向几名常驻德国、原计划随克林拜尔一同前往阿什维尔的《纽约时报》和彭博新闻社记者发放采访证。The ministry succeeded in securing a credential for the Times reporter, the newspaper’s Berlin bureau chief, but not the Bloomberg reporter.德国方面成功为《纽约时报》记者（柏林分社社长）争取到了证件，但彭博新闻社记者仍未获批准。A diplomatic official, speaking on the condition of anonymity under a customary practice in the official’s home country, said German officials viewed the denial of credentials for Bloomberg, an international news agency, as unprecedented and unacceptable.一位外交官员（根据其本国惯例要求匿名）表示，德国官员认为拒绝向彭博新闻社这一国际通讯社发放证件是“前所未有且不可接受的”。Jim Tankersley是时报柏林分社社长，领导对德国、奥地利和瑞士的报道。Alan Rappeport是时报经济政策记者，常驻华盛顿，负责报道财政部，并撰写有关税收、贸易和财政问题的文章。翻译：杜然点击查看本文英文版。