DAISUKE WAKABAYASHI2026年8月10日7月，中国宁海一家工厂的生产车间。 Qilai Shen for The New York TimesAnother month, another trade surplus of more than $100 billion for China.中国又一次录得超过1000亿美元的月度贸易顺差。Even as countries around the world move to curb the flood of Chinese goods, China’s export machine continues to steam ahead. The country posted a trade surplus of $112.5 billion in July, according to data released Friday by the General Administration of Customs.尽管世界各国都在采取措施遏制中国商品大量涌入，中国的出口机器仍在全速运转。中国海关总署周五公布的数据显示，7月份的贸易顺差达1125亿美元。It was the third straight month in which China’s exports exceeded its imports by more than $100 billion — a staggering sum that puts the country on pace to surpass last year’s record $1.19 trillion trade surplus. In July, China’s exports rose 23.9 percent in U.S. dollar terms, while imports climbed 27.5 percent in July.这已经是中国连续第三个月出口额超过进口额1000亿美元——这一惊人的数字意味着，中国今年的贸易顺差很可能超过去年创纪录的1.19万亿美元。7月份，以美元计价的出口增长23.9%，进口增长27.5%。The figures show that the “boom in Chinese trade” is “still going strong,” Julian Evans-Pritchard, head of China economics for Capital Economics, a research firm, said in a research note.这些数据表明，“中国贸易的繁荣”“依然势头强劲”，研究机构凯投宏观的中国经济主管朱利安·埃文斯-普里查德在一份研究报告中表示。The war in Iran has disrupted oil and gas shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, helping spur demand for Chinese electric vehicles and renewable-energy products. China’s manufacturers, hurt by overcapacity and relentless price competition that have squeezed their profits, have sought growth abroad by inundating overseas markets with low-cost goods.伊朗战争扰乱了通过霍尔木兹海峡的石油和天然气运输，从而推动了对中国电动汽车和可再生能源产品的需求。中国制造商受到产能过剩和持续不断的价格竞争影响，利润空间受到挤压，已将目光投向海外，以低价商品大举抢占国际市场。The widening trade surplus has intensified frustration in the West over the growing dominance of Chinese companies across a range of industries. The European Union has imposed tariffs on electric vehicles imported from China, arguing that state subsidies give Chinese manufacturers an unfair advantage over European rivals.不断扩大的贸易顺差加剧了西方对中国企业在多个行业日益占据主导地位的不满情绪。欧盟已对中国进口电动汽车加征关税，称国家补贴使中国制造商相对于欧洲竞争对手获得了不公平的优势。China’s export strength also masks persistent weakness in the domestic economy, which continues to suffer from the lingering effects of a yearslong property downturn and stubbornly weak consumer spending. In the second quarter, the economy grew at its slowest rate in three years.中国出口的强劲表现也在一定程度上掩盖了国内经济的持续疲软。中国经济仍然受到持续多年的房地产低迷以及消费者支出长期疲软的拖累。二季度，中国经济增速降至三年来最低水平。Despite threats from President Trump at the start of his second term, China has weathered its trade confrontation with the United States and emerged in a position of relative strength. Last month, the Trump administration imposed a tariff rate of 12.5 percent on Chinese goods, roughly in line with the rates applied to dozens of other countries. In July, Chinese exports to the United States rose 17 percent.尽管特朗普在第二任期初对中国发出威胁，但中国经受住了与美国的贸易对抗，并处于相对有利的地位。上个月，特朗普政府对中国商品加征12.5%的关税，大致与其他数十个国家的税率持平。7月份，中国对美出口增长17%。But in the past few weeks, there have been signs of an escalation in trade tensions between Beijing and Washington ahead of an expected visit by Xi Jinping, China’s top leader, to the United States in September. Last month, the United States announced a ban on new Chinese humanoid robots, citing national security concerns. China responded by announcing a series of retaliatory measures, including export restrictions on drone technology.但过去几周，随着中国领导人习近平预计于9月访美，北京与华盛顿之间的贸易紧张态势出现升级迹象。上个月，美国以国家安全为由宣布禁止进口新的人形机器人。中国则宣布了一系列反制措施作为回应，包括对无人机技术实施出口限制。Chinese exports are also benefiting from the global spending spree for artificial intelligence. Shipments of electronics tied to A.I., including semiconductors and data-center equipment, have surged.此外，人工智能领域的全球支出热潮同样助力中国出口增长。与人工智能相关的电子产品出货量——包括半导体和数据中心设备——大幅攀升。A.I.-related spending, alongside higher prices for raw materials and commodities, also helped lift imports.人工智能相关支出叠加原材料和大宗商品价格的上涨也帮助推高了中国的进口额。China’s oil imports rebounded in July from the previous month when shipments fell to decade lows. Typically the world’s largest importer of oil, China slashed purchases in the spring as prices jumped and flows from the Persian Gulf slowed significantly.中国7月的石油进口量较上月出现反弹。此前一个月，中国石油进口量跌至十年来的低点。中国通常是全球最大的石油进口国，但今年春季由于油价大幅上涨、波斯湾石油运输量明显下降，中国大幅削减了石油采购。Oil imports rose 22 percent in July from June, though they remained nearly 25 percent below their level a year earlier. The pullback in purchases underscored both the scale of China’s stockpile of oil reserves and the progress it has made in reducing its reliance on fossil fuels.7月，中国石油进口量环比增长22%，但仍比去年同期低近25%。采购量的回落既凸显了中国石油储备的规模，也反映了中国在减少化石燃料依赖方面取得的进展。Meanwhile, China’s exports of refined petroleum products rose for a fourth straight month in July, reaching their highest levels this year. China imposed controls on refined-fuel exports around March to protect domestic supplies, but has eased those restrictions in recent months.与此同时，中国成品油出口连续第四个月增长，7月已达到今年以来的最高水平。中国在3月前后对成品油出口实施管控，以保障国内供应，近几个月来已逐步放宽了这些限制。Li You对本文有研究贡献。Daisuke Wakabayashi是时报驻首尔亚洲商业记者，报道区域经济、公司和地缘政治新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。