DAMIEN CAVE2026年7月31日乔治·华盛顿号航母于周四抵达越南岘港港。 Nhac Nguyen/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesFor the fourth time since the end of the Vietnam War, a United States aircraft carrier made a port call in Vietnam on Thursday, promoting joint security ties at a time when tariffs and the war in Iran have hurt American influence across Asia.周四，一艘美国航空母舰在越南停靠，这是自越南战争结束以来的第四次。在关税问题和伊朗战争损害了美国在亚洲影响力之际，此举旨在促进两国的联合安全关系。The carrier George Washington pulled into the quiet waters near Da Nang on day 70 of its deployment — not far from the beaches where U.S. Marines first landed in 1965, accelerating a war that killed around 58,000 Americans and 2 million Vietnamese.“乔治·华盛顿”号航母在其部署的第70天驶入岘港附近平静的水域——这里距离1965年美国海军陆战队首次登陆的海滩不远，那次登陆加速了一场导致约5.8万美国人和200万越南人丧生的战争。Both countries celebrated the 7-day port call, the longest stay in Vietnam for an American warship since the two countries restored relations in 1995, as a sign of how far the former enemies have come.两国都对这次为期七天的港口停靠表示欢迎。这是自1995年两国恢复外交关系以来，美国军舰在越南停留时间最长的一次，标志着这两个昔日宿敌的关系取得了很大进展。“We consider this to be an extremely important visit for a variety of reasons,” said Capt. Nicholas DeLeo, the ship’s commander. He added that the 5,000 sailors making a stop in Da Nang, including a few Vietnamese Americans, were there “to build on this great relationship with the Vietnamese people.”“出于多方面的原因，我们认为这是一次极其重要的访问，”该舰舰长尼古拉斯·德莱奥说。他还说，在岘港停留的5000名水兵（包括一些越裔美国人）来到这里是“为了进一步巩固与越南人民的良好关系”。Why Now?为什么是现在？Vietnam has made itself an especially popular naval stopover for many countries as its foreign policy has shifted toward multi-alignment — seeking bonds beyond the superpower binary of the United States and China.随着越南外交政策转向多边结盟，寻求超越美国和中国两大超级大国二元对立的纽带，越南已成为许多国家特别青睐的海军停靠站。So far this year, Vietnam has also hosted naval vessels from Russia, China, India, Indonesia, Australia and Japan.今年迄今为止，越南还接待了来自俄罗斯、中国、印度、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和日本的海军舰艇。For the United States, Vietnam occupies a strategic position, geographically close to China and geopolitically important for any effort to keep Beijing from dramatically expanding its control over Asia’s disputed islands and vital commercial waterways.对美国而言，越南占据着战略要地，它在地理上靠近中国，且在地缘政治上至关重要——若要阻止北京大幅扩张对亚洲争议岛屿及重要商业水道的控制，越南是不可或缺的一环。American officials view the port visit as a way to signal reassurance to Vietnam, and strength to China.美国官员将此次港口访问视为向越南发出安抚信号、并向中国展示实力的一种方式。The George Washington, a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is a hard steel embodiment of an idea Adm. Samuel J. Paparo, the U.S. Indo-Pacific Commander, often emphasizes: Presence produces deterrence.“乔治·华盛顿”号是一艘核动力航空母舰，它是美国印太司令部司令塞缪尔·帕帕罗海军上将经常强调的“存在即威慑”理念的钢铁化身。“Credible, prompt, and sustained combat power, visible across the Indo-Pacific region, will deter acts of military aggression that destabilize the region,” he told Congress in April.“在整个印太地区展现可信、迅速且持久的战斗力，将遏制破坏该地区稳定的军事侵略行为，”他于4月在国会发表讲话时表示。How Well do Vietnam and the U.S. Get Along?越南与美国的关系究竟如何？The United States and Vietnam are not formal allies and they differ in how strong they want their message of partnership to be.美国和越南并非正式盟友，且双方对于应传达出多强的伙伴关系信号存在分歧。American officials are often effusive about the potential for security collaboration with Vietnam. In contrast, Vietnam’s propaganda commission recently issued guidance to local media outlets covering the port visit, warning them not to make too much of the carrier’s arrival.美国官员经常对与越南开展安全合作的前景表现出很大热情。相比之下，越南的宣传部门最近向报道此次港口访问的地方媒体发布了指导意见，警告他们不要过度炒作这艘航母的到来。“Emphasize that this is a routine friendship and exchange activity; do not glorify U.S. power,” it said.指导意见称：“要强调这是一次例行的友好交流活动；不要美化美国的实力。”Nguyen Khac Giang, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore, said Vietnam is seeking a careful balance.新加坡尤索夫·伊萨东南亚研究院客座研究员阮克江（音）表示，越南正在寻求一种谨慎的平衡。The country’s leaders want to show China that they have options if stronger partners are needed in the waters of the South China Sea that both countries claim. “But Hanoi doesn’t want to send the wrong signal to Beijing that it is becoming a part of U.S. containment or denial strategy against China,” Mr. Giang said.该国领导人希望向中国表明，如果在两国都声称拥有主权的南海水域需要更强大的合作伙伴，他们还有其他选择。“但河内不想向北京发出错误的信号，让北京以为它正在成为美国对华遏制或阻断战略的一部分，”阮克江说。The bonds between Hanoi and Washington have also been undermined by conflicts over trade.河内与华盛顿之间的关系也因贸易冲突而受损。Vietnam exports far more to the United States than it imports, and the gap keeps widening. The latest round of tariff negotiations has stalled without producing an agreement, according to officials close to the discussions, over the role of Chinese products made in or moving through Vietnam.越南对美国的出口远超其进口，而且这一差距还在不断扩大。据接近谈判的官员透露，由于在越南制造或过境越南的中国产品问题上存在分歧，最新一轮关税谈判已经陷入停滞，未能达成协议。“The U.S. might think these are two separate issues, but I doubt the Vietnamese will agree,” Mr. Giang said. “Trade problems will not prevent defense cooperation, but will definitely set the limit of how far both can go.”“美国可能认为这是两个独立的问题，但我怀疑越南人是否会同意，”阮克江说。“贸易问题不会阻止防务合作，但肯定会限制双方合作能走多远。”Damien Cave领导时报在越南胡志明市的新分社，报道亚洲及全球世界范围内的权力转移。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。