STEVE LOHR, XINYUN WU2026年7月31日去年在上海一场展会上展出的人形机器人。 Qilai Shen for The New York TimesRobot trade tensions escalated on Thursday as China angrily denounced a proposal by the United States to ban imports of Chinese-made humanoid robots, calling the measure discriminatory and threatening retaliation.周四，机器人领域的贸易紧张局势升级。中国愤怒谴责了美国一项旨在禁止进口中国制造的人形机器人的提议，称该措施具有歧视性，并威胁将予以报复。In a sharply worded statement, China’s commerce ministry accused the Trump administration of launching a new provocation that would “severely undermine the stability of China-U.S. economic and trade relations, and seriously disrupt the stability of global industrial and supply chains.”在一份措辞严厉的声明中，中国商务部指责特朗普政府发起了新的挑衅，称这将“严重破坏中美经贸稳定局面，严重扰乱全球产业链供应链稳定”。On Tuesday, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission said that it intends to restrict imports of humanoid and animallike robots on national security grounds, while promoting the development of advanced robots domestically.周二，美国联邦通信委员会表示，打算以国家安全为由限制人形及动物形态机器人的进口，同时推动美国国内先进机器人的发展。Although the F.C.C. did not explicitly identify China, Chinese producers dominate the global humanoid robot industry. China’s commerce ministry said the proposal was unmistakably aimed at the country’s manufacturers, describing it as “discriminatory and suppressive against Chinese companies and products.”尽管联邦通信委员会没有明确点名中国，但中国生产商主导着全球人形机器人产业。中国商务部表示，该提议无疑是针对中国制造商的，并将其描述为“歧视性对待和打压中国企业和产品”。The proposal thrusts the emerging robotics industry into the latest front in the technology rivalry between the United States and China, which have already imposed tit-for-tat restrictions on access to artificial intelligence systems, advanced semiconductors and other critical technologies.这一提议将新兴的机器人产业推向了中美技术竞争的最新前线。此前，两国已在人工智能系统、先进半导体及其他关键技术领域实施了针锋相对的限制。China’s statement warned that if Washington proceeds with the ban, “China will resolutely retaliate to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.” It did not specify what measures it might take.中国的声明警告称，如果华盛顿推进这项禁令，“中方将坚决予以反制，维护自身正当权益。”但声明并未具体说明可能采取的措施。The Trump administration argues that increasingly capable humanoid robots pose national security risks on two fronts.特朗普政府认为，能力日益强大的人形机器人在两个方面构成了国家安全风险。First, officials contend the machines could function as Trojan horses for data collection, harvesting personal information and even sensitive government data as they become more integrated into homes, workplaces and public spaces. Second, the administration argues that advanced robotics will become a strategically important technology in an economy increasingly dependent on A.I..首先，官员们认为，随着这些机器越来越深地融入家庭、工作场所以及公共空间，它们可能会充当数据收集的“特洛伊木马”，搜集个人信息甚至敏感的政府数据。其次，政府认为，在日益依赖人工智能的经济体中，先进机器人将成为一项具有战略重要性的技术。China dismissed those concerns, accusing the United States of “overstretching the concept of national security.”中国对这些担忧予以驳斥，指责美国“泛化国家安全概念”。The F.C.C. has previously invoked national security concerns to prohibit imports of telecommunications equipment from Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE.联邦通信委员会此前曾多次以国家安全担忧为由禁止进口华为和中兴等中国企业的电信设备。Whether restrictions on Chinese robots would be effective is an open question.对中国机器人的限制是否会有效仍是一个悬而未决的问题。Chinese start-ups are producing thousands of humanoid robots priced below $5,000, far cheaper and at a greater scale than competitors elsewhere. While Chinese manufacturers once depended on Japanese and other foreign suppliers for critical components such as sensors and joints, those parts are now overwhelmingly produced in China.中国的初创企业正在生产成千上万台售价低于5000美元的人形机器人，其价格远低于其他地区的竞争对手，生产规模也大得多。尽管中国制造商曾经在传感器和关节等关键零部件上依赖日本及其他外国供应商，但如今这些部件已绝大部分在中国国内生产。As a result, it has become nearly impossible to build a competitive humanoid robot without Chinese-made components.因此，如果没有中国制造的零部件，几乎不可能制造出具有竞争力的人形机器人。China has also established a significant lead in industrial robotics. It manufactures and installs factory robots at a pace unmatched by any other country. More than two million robots were operating in Chinese factories in 2024, with another 300,000 installed during the year — more than the rest of the world combined.中国在工业机器人领域也确立了显著的领先优势。其制造和安装工厂机器人的速度是其他任何国家都无法比拟的。2024年，中国工厂里有超过200万台机器人在运转，当年新增安装量达30万台——这一数字超过了全球其他地区的总和。Steve Lohr撰写关于科技及其对经济、就业和劳动市场的影响的文章。Xinyun Wu是《纽约时报》记者/研究员，常驻台北，报道科技、台湾和中国新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。