NEWS31 July 2026Research suggests that the combination of incentives to publish and the use of large language models will lead to more papers, but they will be less refined.ByKaia GlickmanKaia GlickmanView author publicationsSearch author on: PubMed Google ScholarThe rising use of artificial-intelligence tools by scientists could increase their productivity, but this might come at the cost of quality.Credit: GettyScientists who use large language models (LLMs) to help them with their research will spend less time refining their work and instead jump quickly to fresh projects, according to a modelling study1.Adoption of LLMs will cause scientists to “do more, less well — rather than the same amount, better”, write the authors. But they say that such artificial-intelligence tools do not bear all of the blame for that outcome.The results reflect a flawed incentive system in science that prioritizes quantity over quality, says study co-author Carl Bergstrom, a biologist at the University of Washington in Seattle. Scientists are incentivized to churn out papers, he says, and LLMs help them to reach this ever-growing quota. “LLMs are rarely the problem themselves,” says Bergstrom. “LLMs hold up a mirror to problems that we already have.” The study was posted on the arXiv preprint repository on 19 July and has not yet been peer reviewed.Foraging for papersTo predict how LLMs will change scientific productivity, the authors broke the research process into discrete phases. First comes a discovery phase when scientists brainstorm hypotheses and conduct initial experiments to determine the value of a project. Next, there is a two-part development phase that consists of required work (such as creating figures and drafting papers) and discretionary development (such as conducting follow-up experiments and polishing writing).The authors drew on methods from optimal-foraging theory — which analyses how an animal maximizes energy gain while conserving resources — to analyse how scientists will reallocate their efforts after incorporating LLMs into their work. The authors’ model assumed LLMs are functioning at their best — cheap, fast and accurate.AI linked to explosion of low-quality biomedical research papersThe modelling predicts that LLMs can speed up all phases of the scientific process, but that this acceleration won’t result in better papers. Faster discovery and required-work phases mean that researchers can churn out papers more quickly than they could without the help of LLMs, and the pressure to publish means there is little incentive to spend extra time polishing those papers.Quality not quantitydoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-02397-5ReferencesDuede, E., Gross, K., Crockett, M. J. & Bergstrom, C. Preprint at arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.17397 (2026).Download references How ChatGPT and other AI tools could disrupt scientific publishing Is it OK for AI to write science papers? Nature survey shows researchers are split How are researchers using AI? Survey reveals pros and cons for science AI linked to explosion of low-quality biomedical research papers ‘Publish or Perish’ is now a card game — not just an academic’s lifeSubjectsComputer sciencePublishingMachine learningLatest on:Computer sciencePublishingMachine learningJobs Faculty Positions at SUSTech Department of Biomedical EngineeringWe seek outstanding applicants for full-time tenure-track/tenured faculty positions. Positions are available for both junior and senior-level.Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaSouthern University of Science and Technology (Biomedical Engineering)