Polarization vortices in a ferromagnetic metal via twistronics

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Nature Materials, Published online: 02 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41563-026-02755-8Polar topological states are realized in stacked and twisted 10-nm-thick metallic ferromagnetic SrRuO3 membranes, and their emergence is attributed to flexoelectric effects arising from shear strain gradients.