DAVID PIERSON, CHOE SANG-HUN2026年6月9日周一，北京的一块巨型屏幕播放了中国国家主席习近平与朝鲜领导人金正恩在朝鲜会晤的新闻画面。 Pedro Pardo/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesChina’s top leader, Xi Jinping, arrived in North Korea on Monday and delivered what analysts said was a subtle reminder to the country’s newly emboldened dictator, Kim Jong-un, that China is his most important benefactor, economic partner and bulwark against the United States.中国最高领导人习近平于周一抵达朝鲜。分析人士称，此行向朝鲜近来日益大胆的独裁者金正恩发出了微妙的提醒：中国是他最重要的援助国、经济伙伴以及对抗美国的屏障。According to an official summary of the leaders’ talks released by Chinese state media, Mr. Xi called for “close strategic communication” with Mr. Kim and for strengthening exchanges “at all levels and in all fields.” He said he was willing to deepen relations with Mr. Kim in “the new era,” a phrase Mr. Xi has used to project China’s growing strength on the world stage.根据中国官方媒体发布的领导人会谈官方通报，习近平呼吁与金正恩进行“密切战略沟通”，并加强“各层级各领域”的交流。他表示愿意在“新时代”深化与金正恩的关系，“新时代”是习近平用来彰显中国在世界舞台上实力日益增强的词汇。In many ways, Mr. Xi’s two-day trip to Pyongyang, North Korea’s capital, is an effort to balance influence from Russia, which signed a mutual defense pact with North Korea two years ago. That deal has helped revive North Korea’s economy, by allowing Mr. Kim to trade weapons and troops with Russia for badly needed oil, food and weapons technology, and given him a stronger hand in talks with Mr. Xi.在许多方面，习近平对朝鲜首都平壤为期两天的访问旨在平衡俄罗斯的影响力，两年前，俄罗斯与朝鲜签署了共同防御协定。该协定允许金正恩以武器和军队换取急需的石油、粮食和武器技术，这帮助朝鲜复苏了经济，并使金正恩在与习近平的会谈中拥有了更多筹码。Mr. Xi was received by Mr. Kim and his wife, Ri Sol-ju, when he landed in Pyongyang, his first trip there in seven years. His motorcade was greeted by a military honor guard and throngs of citizens waving both national flags, with children dancing and clutching bright balloons. North Korea gave Mr. Xi a similar welcome the last time he visited Pyongyang.习近平抵达平壤时，受到了金正恩及其夫人李雪主的迎接，这是习近平七年来首次访问平壤。他的车队受到仪仗队的欢迎，大批市民挥舞着两国国旗，孩子们手持鲜艳的气球起舞。上次习近平访问平壤时，朝鲜也给予了类似的欢迎。At a meeting at the Kumsusan Guest House, Mr. Xi pledged to cooperate with Mr. Kim in trade, agriculture, science, tourism and health care.在锦绣山迎宾馆举行的会谈中，习近平承诺将在贸易、农业、科学、旅游和医疗保健领域与金正恩开展合作。周一，平壤的一条街道上悬挂着朝鲜和中国的国旗。North Korea had not released a statement about the meeting by late Monday. Mr. Kim was expected to press Mr. Xi for more economic support and possibly a greater acceptance of North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.截至周一晚间，朝鲜尚未发布有关此次会晤的声明。预计金正恩将敦促习近平提供更多经济支持，并可能要求中方对朝鲜的核武器计划给予更大程度的认可。China’s summary made no mention of the nuclear program, instead stressing that the two countries should “jointly safeguard regional peace and development.”中方的通报没有提及核计划，而是强调两国应“共同为地区和世界的和平繁荣作出贡献”。China’s long held position is that it opposes a nuclear North Korean state, largely over concerns about driving U.S. allies like South Korea to seek nuclear weapons. Statements about working toward ending the program used to be standard for the two sides during diplomatic engagements, but they have been omitted since last September, when Mr. Kim visited Beijing to attend a military parade.中国长期以来的立场是反对朝鲜成为核国家，主要是担心这样会促使韩国等美国盟友寻求核武器。在过去的外交接触中，关于致力于终止该计划的声明是双方惯常的表述，但自去年9月金正恩访问北京参加阅兵式以来，此类表述已被抹去。“China’s approach to North Korea has shifted markedly over the past seven years, from the role of a mediator for North Korea–U.S. denuclearization talks to that of a strong strategic partner in countering the United States,” said Hong Min, an expert on North Korea at the Korea Institute for National Unification, a research institute based in Seoul.“过去七年来，中国对朝鲜的做法发生了显著转变，从朝美无核化谈判的调停者变成了对抗美国的强大战略伙伴，”总部位于首尔的研究机构韩国统一研究院的朝鲜问题专家洪珉说。The change may reflect China’s desire to placate North Korea. But it could also suggest that the Chinese government believes that a nuclear-armed North Korea would provide leverage over the United States and South Korea, analysts said.分析人士表示，这一转变可能反映了中国安抚朝鲜的愿望。但也可能表明，中国政府认为，一个拥有核武器的朝鲜能为应对美国和韩国提供筹码。Mr. Xi evoked the two countries’ history fighting the United States together in the Korean War, reminding Mr. Kim that their “traditional friendship” had been “forged in blood.”习近平提到两国在朝鲜战争中共同抗击美国的历史，提醒金正恩，两国的“传统友谊”是“用鲜血凝成的”。“The overall message that Beijing wants to project through this summit is the unity and the unbreakable bonds between the two countries,” said William Yang, a senior analyst for the International Crisis Group.“通过这次峰会，北京希望传递的总体信息是两国的团结和牢不可破的纽带，”国际危机组织高级分析师威廉·杨（音）表示。In a letter published Monday in North Korea’s main state-run newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, Mr. Xi declared that relations between China and North Korea were at a “new historical starting point.”在周一发表于朝鲜主要官方报纸《劳动新闻》的公开信中，习近平宣布中朝关系处于“新的历史起点”。He called on the two countries to “oppose hegemonism and power politics,” an oblique reference to the United States. In a veiled swipe at Japan, with which China has been in a monthslong feud, Mr. Xi wrote that they should also oppose “any scheme or action aimed at reviving militarism and undermining regional security and stability.”他呼吁两国“反对霸权主义和强权政治”，这是对美国的含蓄指代。针对与中国已有数月争端的日本，习近平隐晦抨击道，中朝两国还应反对“一切复活军国主义、危害地区安全稳定的图谋和行径”。As with Russia and Iran, Mr. Xi has cast North Korea as a close partner in a new world order free of what China sees as U.S. dominance and meddling.如同对待俄罗斯和伊朗一样，习近平将朝鲜描绘成新世界秩序中的亲密伙伴，而中国认为这一新秩序应摆脱美国的霸权和干涉。Mr. Kim has said North Korea should boost trade with China to further stimulate its economy and generate hard currency. Yet all its top exports — coal, iron ore, fish and textiles — remain prohibited under United Nations sanctions, creating a huge trade deficit with China that has threatened to drain its foreign currency reserves.金正恩曾表示，朝鲜应增加与中国的贸易，以进一步刺激经济并赚取硬通货。然而，朝鲜的所有主要出口产品——煤炭、铁矿石、海鲜和纺织品——仍受联合国制裁的禁止，这导致了对华的巨额贸易逆差，并使朝鲜面临耗尽外汇储备的危险。Mr. Xi’s offers on trade and tourism could change that, but it is not clear whether it is possible to do so without violating U.N. sanctions.习近平在贸易和旅游方面的提议可能会改变这一现状，但目前尚不清楚是否可以在不违反联合国制裁的情况下实现。Both China and Russia have grown increasingly reluctant to enforce those sanctions in recent years, as tensions with the United States have worsened. In a joint statement issued last month, Mr. Xi and President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia declared their opposition to “the use of diplomatic isolation, economic sanctions, force and pressure” against North Korea.随着与美国的紧张局势加剧，近年来中国和俄罗斯越来越不愿意执行这些制裁。在上个月发表的联合声明中，习近平和俄罗斯总统普京宣布反对对朝鲜“利用外交孤立、经济制裁、武力施压等手段”。Such backing has emboldened Mr. Kim to hold on to his nuclear arsenal and insist on being treated as a nuclear-armed state. In the days preceding Mr. Xi’s arrival, he visited a missile factory and a newly operational weapons-grade uranium enrichment facility, vowing to “beef up our state’s nuclear forces at an exponential rate.”这种支持使金正恩更加有恃无恐，坚持保留其核武库，并坚持要求被视为拥核国家来对待。在习近平抵达的前几天，他视察了一家导弹工厂和一个新投产的武器级浓缩铀设施，誓言要“以指数级速度增强我国核力量”。David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。他从事新闻工作已超过20年。Choe Sang-Hun是时报驻首尔首席记者，报道韩国和朝鲜新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。