Western governments have recognized the need to intervene and safeguard their existing critical minerals supply chain from extinction in a market heavily dominated by China. Even more efforts will be needed in the West to establish new manufacturing capacities and ensure that production is at prices higher than those in China. The U.S., Australia, and the EU have made the first steps to ensuring non-Chinese supply of critical minerals and rare earths—from bailouts in Australia to a direct government investment in companies…