黄安伟, DAVID PIERSON2025年7月14日中国外交部长王毅上周五在马来西亚吉隆坡出席东南亚国家联盟会议。 Pool photo by Mandel NganIn the capital of Malaysia this week, the United States and China are engaged in a contest for influence and loyalty in Asia against a backdrop of global trade turbulence.在全球贸易局势动荡不安的背景之下，上周在马来西亚首都，美国和中国展开了一场争夺亚洲影响力和忠诚度的较量。Secretary of State Marco Rubio has been pressing top diplomats gathered at a conference in the city, Kuala Lumpur, to align with Washington’s efforts to restrict trade with China and to agree to tariff terms favorable to the United States.国务卿马可·鲁比奥在马来西亚首都吉隆坡举行的会议上持续向各国高级外交官施压，要求他们支持华盛顿限制对华贸易的努力，并同意对美国有利的关税条款。At the same gathering, China’s top foreign policy official, Wang Yi, has been urging those governments to resist U.S. pressure and to embrace Beijing as the more reliable partner.在同一场合，中国最高外交官员王毅则敦促各国政府抵制美国的压力，并将北京视为更可靠的合作伙伴。On Friday, the second day of the full conference, Mr. Rubio met with Mr. Wang on the sidelines. Washington and Beijing have clashed over U.S. restrictions on advanced semiconductor chips and other exports to China, over American military aid to Taiwan, and over China’s limits on exports of critical minerals and control of some important supply chains.在上周五，也就是会议正式召开的第二天，鲁比奥在会议间隙与王毅会面。华盛顿和北京在多个问题上存在冲突，包括美国对先进半导体芯片及其他对华出口的限制、美国对台湾的军事援助，以及中国对关键矿产出口的限制和对部分重要供应链的控制。“We acknowledged there are some issues that we have to work through, not just trade, but others,” Mr. Rubio told reporters traveling with him.鲁比奥对随行记者表示：“我们承认确实存在一些需要解决的问题，不仅仅是贸易方面，还有其他领域。”But overall, he said, the session with Mr. Wang “was a very constructive and positive meeting and gave us a lot to work on.” He said the two saw an “opportunity here to achieve some strategic stability and identify areas where we can cooperate together on and build better communications and working trust.”他说，但就总体而言，与王毅的会谈“是一场非常具有建设性和积极性的会晤，为我们后续的工作奠定了良好基础”。他表示，双方认为“眼下存在实现战略稳定的机会，并确定了一些可以共同合作的领域，以建立更良好的沟通机制和工作互信。”When pressed on those potential areas of cooperation, Mr. Rubio demurred, saying they would save any public announcements for later.当被追问具体合作领域时，鲁比奥没有正面回应，表示将在后续发布正式公告。As a U.S. senator from Florida, Mr. Rubio was an outspoken critic of China on many issues, including Beijing’s military ambitions and human rights record. But he has toned down his public criticism to align himself with President Trump. The American president criticizes China on trade, but often praises Xi Jinping, China’s leader, and aims to strike a grand bargain with him.鲁比奥在担任佛罗里达州参议员期间，曾在多个问题上公开批评中国，包括北京的军事野心和人权纪录。但为了配合特朗普总统，他已经缓和了公开中国批评的语气。虽然这位美国总统在贸易问题上批评中国，却经常称赞中国领导人习近平，并希望与其达成一项重大协议。Mr. Rubio said on Friday that Mr. Trump “has a very positive working relationship” with Mr. Xi, despite China’s firm stand against the U.S. president’s efforts to significantly raise tariffs on Chinese exports to the United States, which are paid by American companies. Mr. Rubio added that “the odds are high” that Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi would meet this year.鲁比奥在周五表示，尽管中国坚决反对特朗普总统大幅提高对中国商品的关税（这些关税由美国企业承担），但特朗普与习近平“保持着非常积极的工作关系”。鲁比奥还补充说，特朗普与习近平今年会晤的“可能性很大”。An official Chinese summary of the meeting also stated that the two sides had a “positive, pragmatic and constructive” session and agreed to strengthen diplomacy and explore expanding areas of cooperation.中国官方的会谈纪要也表示，双方进行了“积极、务实且建设性”的会谈，并同意加强外交合作，探索扩大合作领域。Mr. Rubio met with officials from Japan and Korea on Friday morning as he worked to shore up Washington’s ties with its allies. And he met with top diplomats from Southeast Asia in the afternoon, including in a group forum that was also attended by Mr. Wang and by Sergey V. Lavrov, the foreign minister of Russia.鲁比奥在周五上午会见了来自日本和韩国的官员，努力巩固华盛顿与盟友的关系。下午，他又与东南亚的高级外交官会面，包括参加了由王毅和俄罗斯外长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫共同出席的多边论坛。Mr. Rubio’s efforts have been overshadowed by new tariff threats that President Trump made to 14 foreign leaders, which have infuriated the target governments, including Malaysia, the host of the meeting. Diplomats from seven other nations targeted by the move are also at the meeting. The tariff threats are aimed even at treaty allies, including Japan and South Korea, raising further doubts about U.S. commitments to its partners.特朗普总统对14国领导人发出的新关税威胁笼罩着鲁比奥的外交努力，这些威胁激怒了包括此次会议东道主马来西亚在内的多国政府。受关税威胁的另外七国外交官也出席了会议。这些关税威胁甚至针对包括日韩在内的条约盟友，美国对合作伙伴的承诺进一步遭到质疑。美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥（左）在星期五于吉隆坡举行的会议上与俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫交谈。Many of the countries trade more with China than with the United States, so Mr. Trump’s pressure campaign could push them closer to Beijing. And many officials from the nations targeted by Mr. Trump had been negotiating trade deals with the Americans in earnest for months, so they might be wondering what the point is of serious talks if the American president continues threatening them.许多受到关税威胁的国家与中国的贸易额超过对美贸易额，因此特朗普总统的施压行动可能会把它们推向北京。而且，许多遭威胁国家的官员已经与美方进行了数月的认真贸易谈判，若美国总统持续威胁，他们或将质疑严肃谈判的意义。Mr. Rubio defended Mr. Trump’s tariffs, saying that decades-old trade imbalances were unfair to American workers and industry. And he said that he did not see Mr. Trump’s policies as inadvertently bolstering China’s commercial ties with other nations.鲁比奥为特朗普的关税政策做出了辩护，称长期存在的贸易失衡对美国工人和产业不公平。他还否认特朗普的政策会无意中促进中国与其他国家的商业关系。“Look, I think countries are going to trade with multiple countries,” he said. “We don’t view this as an opening for anyone.”“你看，我认为各国都会与多个国家进行贸易，”他说。“我们并不认为这给任何人提供了可乘之机。”“We view it as an opportunity to reset global trade in a way that’s fair for Americans after two or three decades of unfairness,” he added.“我们将其视为一个机遇，在经历了二三十年的不公平之后，重置全球贸易，使其对美国人更加公平，”他补充道。Mr. Wang, for his part, has used his diplomatic sessions with Asian nations to cast China as a defender of the interests of developing countries that have been hit by Mr. Trump’s trade policies.王毅则利用与亚洲国家的外交会晤，将中国塑造为受到特朗普贸易政策冲击的发展中国家利益的捍卫者。In a meeting on Friday with a Bangladeshi official, Mr. Wang said it was both “unreasonable and unethical” for the United States to impose 35 percent tariffs on one of the “least-developed countries in the world.” China by contrast, he said, imposes no tariffs on Bangladeshi goods. (China exports about $18 billion of goods to Bangladesh annually while importing only about $1 billion.)王毅在周五与孟加拉国官员会晤时表示，美国对这个“世界上最不发达国家之一”征收35%的关税既“不合理又不道德”。相比之下，他说中国对孟加拉国商品实行零关税政策。（中国每年向孟加拉国出口约180亿美元商品，而进口仅约10亿美元。）“China has always been the most reliable stabilizing force in a turbulent world and the most reliable partner” for Southeast Asian countries, Mr. Wang said a day earlier as he met with the region’s diplomats.王毅在前一天与该地区外交官会面时表示：“中国一直是动荡世界中最可靠的稳定力量，也是东南亚国家最值得信赖的合作伙伴。”China has been trying to court Southeast Asia to build a bulwark against Mr. Trump’s trade policies. Mr. Xi toured Malaysia, Vietnam and Cambodia in April to shore up ties in countries where companies have served as intermediary exporters for Chinese goods.中国一直在努力争取东南亚，建立抵御特朗普贸易政策的防线。今年4月，习近平访问了马来西亚、越南和柬埔寨，以巩固这些中国商品中转出口国之间的关系。Beijing has warned countries under pressure from Washington to strike trade deals that they would face consequences if they worked with the Trump administration to restrict Chinese exports. One country that is being cajoled by the United States is Vietnam, which is among the neighboring countries that China has used as an intermediary to circumvent American tariffs on its goods.北京警告那些受华盛顿施压要求达成贸易协议的国家，如果它们与特朗普政府合作限制中国出口，将面临后果。其中一个被美国拉拢的国家是越南，中国利用越南等邻国绕过美国对其商品加征的关税。Mr. Wang, meeting on Thursday with his Vietnamese counterpart, Bui Thanh Son, said that China opposed “economic and trade bullying” and “tariff coercion.”王毅在周四与越南外长裴青山会面时表示，中国反对“经济和贸易霸凌”以及“关税胁迫”。Mr. Rubio met Mr. Son on Friday. Trade came up but was not a focus of the conversation, Mr. Rubio said afterward, also noting that their meeting took place on the 30th anniversary of the re-establishment of U.S.-Vietnam diplomatic ties.鲁比奥在周五与裴青山举行了会晤。会后，鲁比奥表示贸易话题有提及，但并非会谈重点，他还特别指出，这次会面恰逢美越恢复外交关系30周年。Across Republican and Democratic administrations, the United States has struggled to show Asian nations that it has a strategic vision and is committed to counterbalancing China. At the same time, most nations in Asia and elsewhere do not want the United States or China to push them to align with one superpower or another.无论是共和党还是民主党政府，美国始终难以向亚洲国家展示其制衡中国的战略愿景和坚定承诺。与此同时，大多数亚洲及其他地区国家都不愿被美国或中国逼迫选边站队。“We can’t afford to be seen as leaning towards anybody,” Mohamad Hasan, the foreign minister of Malaysia, said at a news conference on Friday. “The U.S. is the largest investor in our country, and China is the largest trading partner. We have to navigate our foreign policy. We are being neutral, and we have to balance it.”“我们承受不起被视为偏向任何一方的代价，”马来西亚外交部长穆罕默德·哈山周五在新闻发布会上表示。“美国是我们国家最大的投资国，而中国是最大的贸易伙伴。我们必须谨慎处理我们的外交政策，保持中立，并寻求平衡。”Some countries in the region fear the Trump administration could end several military initiatives that the Biden administration pushed.该地区一些国家担心，特朗普政府可能会终止拜登政府推动的多项军事计划。The Pentagon is reviewing a deal, called AUKUS, that President Joseph R. Biden Jr. reached in 2021 with the leaders of Australia and Britain to provide nuclear-powered submarines and related technology to Australia. Some Pentagon officials have expressed skepticism about sending advanced U.S. weapon systems to allies.五角大楼正在审查一项名为AUKUS的协议，该协议由拜登总统在2021年与澳大利亚和英国领导人达成，旨在向澳大利亚提供核动力潜艇及相关技术。五角大楼的一些官员对是否应该向盟友提供先进的美国武器系统持怀疑态度。Asked about the Pentagon’s action, Mr. Rubio told reporters on Thursday that the review was a normal process for a new administration, and that “our policies on AUKUS have not changed.”被问及五角大楼的行动时，鲁比奥上周四对记者表示，这种审查是新一届政府的常规流程，并表示“我们在AUKUS问题上的政策没有改变”。Zunaira Saieed自马来西亚吉隆坡对本文有报道贡献。黄安伟(Edward Wong)报道全球事务、美国外交政策和David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。他从事新闻工作已超过20年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。