SOMINI SENGUPTA2025年8月28日南非亚特兰蒂斯的太阳能设备安装现场，摄于6月。 Rodger Bosch/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesChina’s solar exports to Africa are surging.中国向非洲出口的太阳能产品正在激增。Over the course of the past year, Chinese companies shipped out solar equipment to a vast range of countries on the continent, according to an analysis of Chinese export data by Ember, an energy tracking group. Those exports added up to more than 15 gigawatts of solar capacity, which nearly doubles the estimated 20 gigawatts of capacity that was installed in 2023.据全球能源智库Ember对中国出口数据的分析，在过去的一年里，中国企业向非洲大陆多国出口了大量太阳能设备。这些出口产品累计装机容量超过15吉瓦，使得非洲2023年的装机容量（外界估算这个数字为20吉瓦）几乎翻了一番。“The volume of solar panels imported over the past 12 months has the potential to significantly increase power generation in many African countries,” Ember’s report said.“过去12个月的太阳能面板进口总量有可能显著提高非洲许多国家的发电量，”Ember的报告写道。It’s part of China’s global ascendance in the manufacture and sale of renewable energy technologies. Its companies make the vast majority of solar panels, along with the cells and wafers that go into them. Its influence in the world rests, in large part, on persuading people in the developing world that they can produce cheap electricity from the sun.这是中国在全球可再生能源技术制造和销售领域崛起的重要组成部分。中国企业生产全球绝大多数的太阳能面板，以及用于制造太阳能面板的光伏组件和晶片。中国太阳能行业对世界的影响力很大程度上取决于说服发展中国家的人民，他们可以用太阳能生产廉价的电力。That ambition is now meeting low cost and high need. The price of Chinese panels has fallen sharply because of overproduction of solar equipment inside China. Chinese firms desperately need new markets. African countries offer huge ones.这一雄心目前获得了低成本和高需求的加持。由于国内产能过剩，中国太阳能面板的价格已大幅下跌。中国企业迫切需要开拓新市场。非洲国家提供了巨大的市场空间。More than 600 million people on the continent lack access to electricity. Power outages are common even where there are electricity connections, which has in recent years led businesses of all kinds to turn to noisy, polluting diesel generators.非洲大陆有逾六亿人尚未用上电。即使在有电力供应的地方，停电也是常见的问题，这个问题近年来已导致各类企业转向使用噪音大、污染重的柴油发电机。All told, solar imports from China rose 60 percent between July 2024 and June 2025, according to Ember’s analysis, which was published on Tuesday.据Ember周二发布的分析，2024年7月至2025年6月期间，非洲国家从中国进口的太阳能面板增长了60%。South Africa and Nigeria, two of Africa’s largest economies, led the pack. Equally notable was the range of countries that imported solar panels and solar cells that are easily assembled into panels. Sierra Leone imported the equivalent of more than half its total current electricity capacity, and Chad, nearly half.非洲最大的两个经济体南非和尼日利亚的进口量位居前列。同样值得注意的是，从中国进口太阳能面板以及光伏组件（能简单地组装成面板）的国家范围极广。塞拉利昂进口的太阳能面板相当于其目前总发电量的一半以上，乍得则接近其目前总发电量的一半。It’s likely that Algeria, the third-biggest importer on the continent, is using the modules in the solar farms that Chinese companies are building there. But in other countries, solar panels have been spreading on the rooftops of homes and businesses in cities and villages.非洲第三大进口国阿尔及利亚很可能将中国生产的太阳能组件用于中资企业建设的太阳能电站。但在其他国家，太阳能板正悄然遍布城乡的住宅和企业建筑屋顶。Kevin Gallagher, a Boston University professor who is not connected to Ember’s analysis, said it revealed a wide-open market opportunity for China, particularly as the United States abandons its support for what he called “green energy innovation.”与Ember的分析无关的波士顿大学教授凯文·加拉格尔说，这项研究揭示，中国面临广阔的市场机遇，尤其是在美国放弃支持其所称的“绿色能源创新”之际。“Cheap imports can help underpin green industrialization in Africa and alleviate China’s overcapacity,” Dr. Gallagher said. “Africa doesn’t have time for geopolitical tensions, they just need cheap green power.”“廉价的进口能帮助加强非洲绿色工业化的基础，并缓解中国的产能过剩问题，”加拉格尔说。“非洲没时间关心地缘政治紧张局势，他们需要的是廉价的绿色能源。”Investments in big solar farms are still lagging. The International Energy Agency estimates that nearly two-thirds of energy investments in Africa are going into coal, oil and gas projects.非洲对大型太阳能发电场的投资仍然滞后。据国际能源署估计，非洲近三分之二的能源投资仍流向煤炭、石油和天然气发电项目。Africa is awash in natural resources for the fossil fuel powered economy, as well as the new energy economy. Foreign companies, including American ones, have been drilling oil in Nigeria and Angola. China is building an oil pipeline in Uganda.非洲蕴藏着丰富的自然资源，不仅支撑了化石燃料驱动的经济，也为新能源经济提供了条件。包括美国在内的外国公司一直在尼日利亚和安哥拉开采石油。中国正在乌干达修建一条输油管道。China has also used the continent’s ample mineral resources for new energy technologies, including cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo and copper in Zambia. Both countries have stepped up their imports of Chinese solar equipment.中国还利用非洲大陆丰富的矿产资源来开发新能源技术，包括在刚果民主共和国的钴矿和赞比亚的铜矿。这两个国家都已增加了中国太阳能设备的进口。Whether solar makes a difference in the lives of ordinary Africans depends on how quickly these Chinese panels start producing power. Ember’s analysis looks at China’s export data. It doesn’t track when the solar equipment arrives in the destination countries nor how quickly it’s installed.太阳能是否可以真正改善普通非洲民众的生活取决于这些中国产太阳能板能否快速投入发电。Ember的分析用的是中国的出口数据，没有跟踪太阳能设备运到目的地国家的时间，也没有跟踪这些设备的安装速度。Somini Sengupta是《纽约时报》气候报道团队的国际气候记者。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。