More than 2,800 years ago, residents of Iron-age Jerusalem faced climate change, marked by years of drought and sudden flash floods. The ruling establishment of Judah, probably led by King Jehoash or his successor Amaziah, came up with a large-scale engineering solution for the unpredictable weather conditions and water shortage: fortifying the city's primary water source, the Gihon Spring, and redirecting its waters into an artificial reservoir, the Siloam Pool, which also served for catching rainwater. The reservoir was created by the construction of the monumental Siloam Dam.