艾莎, MURPHY ZHAO2026年3月24日周日，北京的一家加油站。尽管政府将油价定得比原计划低，但自伊朗战争爆发以来，中国的汽油价格已上涨约20%。 Maxim Shemetov/ReutersFacing sharply rising energy prices, China on Monday took steps to defray costs for its more than 300 million drivers who depend on gas-powered cars.面对能源价格大幅飙升，中国于周一出台举措，为国内超3亿燃油车车主减轻用油成本。The country’s top economic planning agency, the National Development and Reform Commission, announced that it would “reduce the burden” on drivers by lowering a planned increase in gasoline.中国最高经济规划机构国家发展和改革委员会宣布，将通过下调原定的汽油涨价幅度，为车主“减轻负担”。Starting on Tuesday, the price at the pump will be set at an average of $4.70 a gallon — up from $4.20 but much lower than a planned $5.10 a gallon. Even with the lower cap, gasoline has jumped about 20 percent since the start of the war in Iran.自周二起，国内汽油零售均价将定为每升8.55元，虽较此前的每升7.64元有所上涨，但远低于原定的每升9.28元。即便执行了这一限价，自伊朗战争爆发以来，国内汽油价格累计涨幅仍达约20%。The agency adjusts the price of gas every 10 days to reflect changes to the global price of oil. The surge in energy costs caused by the war has made this typically formulaic process more economically and politically fraught.发改委每10个工作日调整一次成品油价格，以反映国际油价的变动。战争引发能源成本暴涨，这一原本按固定公式执行的常规调价流程在经济与政治层面都变得更为棘手。The decision to change its gas pricing was unexpected by oil analysts who watch China closely.密切关注中国市场的石油分析师对此次调整成品油定价的决定感到意外。“It suggests that Beijing is deeply concerned about inflationary pressure and consumer affordability, especially given the ongoing macroeconomic headwinds,” said Muyu Xu, a senior oil analyst at Kpler, an industry data firm.行业数据机构开普勒的资深石油分析师徐沐雨（音）表示：“这一举措表明，北京对通胀压力和居民消费承受能力深感担忧，尤其是在当前宏观经济持续面临逆风的背景下。”The 40-cent increase was the largest single rise to the retail price of gas since the planning commission started adjusting prices every 10 days in 2013. Ms. Xu said she believed it was the first time the commission made such an intervention.发改委自2013年启动成品油10个工作日调价机制，此次每升0.91元的涨幅是迄今单次零售价格涨幅最大的一次。徐沐雨表示，这也是发改委首次对此类调价进行非常规干预。China has made concerted efforts to reduce its dependency on oil. Electric vehicles or hybrids, which run on both electricity and gas, make up half of new car sales and around 12 percent of all cars in China.中国一直在持续发力降低对石油的依赖。目前，纯电动与混动汽车已占国内新车销量的半数，占全国汽车总量的约12%。But there are still around 300 million cars that run only on gas in China. A little more than half of the country’s seaborne crude comes from the Middle East, and a quarter of that from Iran.但中国仍有约3亿辆纯燃油汽车。中国海运进口原油中超半数来自中东地区，其中四分之一来自伊朗。周一，一艘原油油轮停泊在中国东部山东省青岛市某港口的一处油码头附近。Gig workers, many of whom use their cars to ferry people around, are expected to be some of the drivers most effected by rising gas prices. Drivers for companies like Didi Chuxing, the ride hailing giant, and JD.com, the logistics company, will come under financial pressure unless the platforms increase delivery fees or implement fuel surcharges to pass on the additional costs to customers.许多零工从业者依靠自有车辆载客出行，预计将是受油价上涨冲击最大的群体。除非网约车巨头滴滴出行、物流企业京东等平台上调配送费，或征收燃油附加费，将额外成本转嫁给消费者，否则这些司机将面临经济压力。Also feeling the sting of higher gas prices are truck drivers who rely on older vehicles with internal combustion engines. On Chinese social media, hundreds of truck drivers said they had stopped working or planned to stop working because they could not shoulder the burden of the price increase.依赖老旧内燃机车的货车司机同样感受到了高油价的刺痛。在中国社交媒体上，数百名货车司机表示，因无力承担油价上涨的负担，已经停运或计划停运。For many consumers, the rising price of oil is another blow to confidence. China is still contending with a yearslong property crisis that has affected many households that invested their savings in apartments. Young people are still struggling to find jobs.对众多消费者而言，油价上涨是对消费信心的又一重打击。中国仍在应对持续数年的房地产危机，这场危机影响了众多将积蓄投入房产的家庭，年轻人也仍在艰难求职。A protracted conflict in the Middle East could not only drag down consumer sentiment, which has recently shown some signs of improving, but also threaten an important market for Chinese exports and investment.中东地区的长期冲突不仅可能拖累近期显现回暖迹象的消费信心，还会威胁到中国出口与对外投资的重要市场。Over the weekend in cities across China, drivers started heading to gas stations after Chinese state media warned that higher prices were coming.上周末，在中国官方媒体预告油价即将上调后，全国多座城市的车主纷纷前往加油站排队加油。One of them was Shu Gang, 55, who works in the insurance industry in the northeastern city of Qingdao. On Sunday night, he waited in line at a gas station for around 10 minutes before getting fuel, he said. He doesn’t drive very much and usually has to fill up his tank only twice a month, so he’s not too worried.55岁的舒刚（音）在东部沿海城市青岛从事保险行业。他说，周日晚上，自己在加油站排了约10分钟才加上油。他平时开车不多，通常一个月只需要加两次油，因此并不太担心。“Prices have indeed gone up a lot,” Mr. Shu said.“油价确实涨了不少。”舒刚说。Li Peng, a Didi driver who uses a Toyota Levin he rents from his company, said he planned to rush to get gas after work on Monday. He estimated that his daily fuel expenses would jump to $14.52 (100 renminbi, China’s currency) from $11.62 (80 renminbi) starting on Tuesday. Mr. Li, who refuels every two days, said he already encountered long lines as drivers scrambled to fill up.李鹏（音）是一名滴滴司机，驾驶的是从公司租赁的丰田雷凌。他表示，计划周一下班后赶去加油。他预计，从周二起，自己每天的燃油开支将从80元人民币升至100元人民币。每两天加一次油的李鹏说，他已经遇到了车主们抢着加油排起的长队。To offset the higher gas costs, Mr. Li said he expected to spend more hours driving. While he views the increase as “relatively large,” Mr. Li said he believed the burden would not fall solely on drivers. He anticipated that if fuel costs climbed too high, Didi would eventually be forced to raise passenger fares.李鹏表示，为了抵消上涨的油费，他只能延长每天的出车时长。尽管他认为此次油价涨幅“相当大”，但也相信成本不会全部由司机承担。他预计，如果燃油成本攀升过高，滴滴最终将不得不上调乘客打车的价格。Li You自上海对本文有研究贡献。艾莎(Alexandra Stevenson)是《纽约时报》上海分社社长，报道中国经济和社会新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。