STEVEN ERLANGER, IVAN NECHEPURENKO2026年3月27日去年，乌克兰战争罪行检察官在哈尔科夫地区手持一架俄罗斯“见证者”式无人机。伊朗最初于2022年提供了数百架无人机，随后俄罗斯建立了自己的生产设施，并对设计进行了改进。 David Guttenfelder/The New York TimesEuropean allies are increasingly concerned that Russia is preparing to deliver advanced drones to Iran for use in the war with the United States and Israel.欧洲盟友日益担心，俄罗斯正准备向伊朗提供先进无人机，用于与美国和以色列的战争。Russia and Iran grew closer during Russia’s continuing invasion of Ukraine. The Russians have used Iranian drones extensively in Ukraine, and the two countries have cooperated in dodging Western sanctions to sell oil abroad.在俄罗斯持续入侵乌克兰期间，俄伊关系不断加深。俄军在乌克兰大量使用了伊朗制造的无人机，两国还合作规避西方制裁，向海外销售石油。After the United States and Israel attacked Iran several weeks ago, Russia began passing satellite and other intelligence to Iran about American bases and other potential targets in the region, according to U.S. officials.据美国官员称，在数周前美国和以色列对伊朗发动袭击后，俄罗斯开始向伊朗提供有关美国在该地区军事基地及其他潜在打击目标的卫星情报及其他情报。Earlier this month, President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine said Ukrainian intelligence had discovered that Russia had supplied Iran with drones and intelligence used in attacks against U.S. military facilities and neighboring countries in the Middle East during this war. In an interview with CNN’s Fareed Zakaria on March 15, Mr. Zelensky said Moscow had transferred drones produced under Iranian licenses.本月早些时候，乌克兰总统泽连斯基表示，乌克兰情报机构发现，在此次战争中，俄罗斯向伊朗提供了用于袭击美国军事设施和中东邻国的无人机和情报。泽连斯基在3月15日接受CNN主持人法里德·扎卡里亚采访时表示，俄罗斯已移交了由伊朗授权生产的无人机。A report in The Financial Times on Thursday seemed to support those statements, saying that Russia was “close to completing a phased shipment of drones, medicine and food to Iran,” according to Western intelligence reports.《金融时报》周四的一篇报道似乎印证了这些说法，称根据西方情报报告，俄罗斯“接近完成分阶段向伊朗运送无人机、药品和食品的计划”。Asked in Brussels about the reports on Thursday, Mark Rutte, the NATO secretary general, would not directly confirm if Russia is sending combat drones to Iran, saying that was a matter of intelligence “so we keep that secret.” But, Mr. Rutte said, officials have long noted “a close connection” between Iran, Russia, North Korea and China.周四在布鲁塞尔被问及相关报道时，北约秘书长吕特未直接证实俄罗斯是否向伊朗提供作战无人机，称这属于情报事项，“我们对此予以保密”。但他表示，官员们长期以来注意到伊朗、俄罗斯、朝鲜与中国之间存在“密切联系”。“So it tells you something when these reports come out that Russia is sharing so much, also with Iran,” he said. “So let’s not be naïve about it.”他说：“这些报告一出来，本身就说明了问题——俄罗斯分享了如此多的东西，也包括跟伊朗分享。所以我们对此不要天真。”In a social media post on Thursday, the British defense minister, John Healy, said “Russia and Iran have been working together — sharing tactics, training and tech.”英国国防大臣约翰·希利周四在社交媒体上发帖称：“俄罗斯和伊朗一直在合作——共享战术、训练和技术。”Two senior European officials, speaking anonymously given the diplomatic sensitivity of the topic, said their intelligence agencies believed that Russia was preparing to deliver drones to Iran for use in the war with the United States and Israel. They offered no details about prospective shipments or timing.两位因话题的外交敏感性而要求不具名的欧洲高级官员表示，他们的情报机构认为，俄罗斯正准备向伊朗提供无人机，用于与美以的战争。但他们未提供计划中的运输细节或时间安排。A third European official was not as definitive, saying there were “strong indications” that the Russians and Iranians had made such a deal. But that official did not know whether any drones had been delivered, or were in the process of being delivered.第三名欧洲官员则没有那么确定，仅表示有“强烈迹象”表明俄伊双方已达成相关协议，但该官员并不清楚是否已有无人机交付，或正在交付过程中。Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Thursday appeared to downplay the possibility. When asked for his assessment of Moscow’s support for Iran in the war, he said: “I think Russia’s primarily concentrating on the war they have going on right now. Beyond that, I don’t have anything to add right now.”美国国务卿鲁比奥周四似乎淡化了这种可能性。在被问及莫斯科在这场战争中对伊朗的支持时，他表示：“我认为俄罗斯目前主要专注于自己正在进行的战争。除此之外，我暂时没有更多可补充的。”Iran’s arms factories, for both drones and ballistic missiles, have been prime targets for the huge U.S. and Israeli bombing campaign since the war began nearly a month ago. So presumably any Russian drones would help fill the gap.自近一个月前战争爆发以来，伊朗的无人机和弹道导弹工厂一直是美以大规模轰炸行动的重点打击目标。因此，任何来自俄罗斯的无人机都可能会用来填补这一缺口。Dmitry S. Peskov, the Kremlin spokesman, on Thursday denied that Russia was delivering drones and other arms to Iran for use in this war, telling reporters it was “false information.”克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫周四否认俄罗斯正在向伊朗运送无人机和其他武器用于此次战争，并告诉记者这是“虚假信息”。Mr. Peskov had also denied an earlier report this month in The Wall Street Journal that Russia had already supplied Iran with modernized components for its drones meant to improve communication, navigation and targeting.佩斯科夫此前还否认了本月早些时候《华尔街日报》的一篇报道，该报道称俄罗斯向伊朗提供了无人机现代化部件，以改善其通信、导航和目标定位能力。Russia has previously said it had transferred medical supplies and food to Iran overland through Azerbaijan and will continue to do so.俄罗斯此前曾表示，已通过阿塞拜疆向伊朗陆路运送了医疗物资和食品，并将继续这样做。Earlier this month, President Trump downplayed reports that Russia was providing Iran with intelligence to target American troops. “If you take a look at what’s happened to Iran in the last week, if they’re getting information, it’s not helping them much,” he told reporters.本月早些时候，特朗普总统也淡化了有关俄罗斯向伊朗提供情报以协助其打击美军的报道。“如果你看看伊朗过去一周的情况，就算他们拿到了情报，看起来也没什么用，”他对记者表示。Russian military support for Iran is an awkward issue for Mr. Trump, who has often sided with Russia over Ukraine and has been reluctant to put more pressure on Moscow.俄罗斯对伊朗的军事支持对特朗普来说是一个棘手问题——他在乌克兰问题上多次站在俄罗斯一边，并且一直不愿对莫斯科施加更多压力。Even more awkward, the Iran war has caused oil prices to spike, and to try to lower them, Mr. Trump recently lifted some economic sanctions on Russian oil. That infuriated Europeans and Mr. Zelensky, since it helps finance the Russian war machine.更棘手的是，伊朗战争导致油价飙升，而为了压低油价，特朗普最近放松了对俄罗斯石油的部分经济制裁。此举激怒了欧洲各国和泽连斯基，因为这为俄罗斯的战争机器提供了资金支持。And Moscow sees its aid to Iran as a kind of quid pro quo for American aid to Ukraine.而在莫斯科看来，对伊朗的援助某种程度上是对美国援助乌克兰的对等回应。Russia’s help to Iran follows Tehran’s important military aid to the Russian army in Ukraine at one of its lowest points in September 2022, especially by providing hundreds of the Shahed-136 Iranian drones.在俄罗斯向伊朗提供援助之前，伊朗曾在2022年9月俄军处于低谷时向其提供了重要的军事援助，特别是提供了数百架伊朗的“见证者-136”无人机。Russia then built its own production facility for the drones in Yelabuga, Tatarstan, around 620 miles east of Moscow. While Russian specialists initially assembled drones from Iranian kits, the operation has scaled up dramatically.此后，俄罗斯在距莫斯科约1000公里的鞑靼斯坦叶拉布加建立了自己的无人机生产基地。虽然俄罗斯专家最初是用伊朗的套件组装无人机，但如今该工厂的生产规模已大幅扩大。In early 2023, the plant produced roughly 100 drones per month but now can produce thousands. The design has also evolved. Russian engineers have modified the original into a distinctively Russian product, featuring domestic airframes, warheads and navigation systems.2023年初，该工厂每月产量约为100架无人机，现在月产量可达数千架。设计也发生了变化。俄罗斯工程师在原型基础上进行了改造，形成了具有明显俄罗斯特色的产品，采用本土机体、战斗部和导航系统。Last July, Timur Shagivaleyev, the head of the special economic zone that houses the Yelabuga factory, described it on Russian state television as “the biggest and the most secretive strike drone factory in the world.”去年7月，叶拉布加工厂所在经济特区的负责人帖木儿·沙吉瓦列耶夫在俄罗斯国家电视台称其为“世界上最大、最神秘的攻击无人机工厂”。Lara Jakes和Michael Schwirtz对本文有报道贡献。Steven Erlanger是时报欧洲首席外交记者，常驻柏林。他曾在120多个国家进行报道，包括泰国、法国、以色列、德国和前苏联等。Ivan Nechepurenko报道俄罗斯、乌克兰、比利时、高加索国家和中亚国家新闻。他常驻莫斯科。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。