Moderate magnitude 4.2 earthquake at 24 km depth29 Mar 04:57 UTC: First to report: VolcanoDiscovery after 5 minutes.29 Mar 05:08: Now using data updates from EMSCI didn't feel itI felt this quakeEarthquake detailsDate & timeMar 29, 2026 04:53:28 UTC - Local time at epicenterSaturday, Mar 28, 2026, at 10:53 pm (GMT -6)StatusconfirmedMagnitude4.2Depth24 kmEpicenter latitude / longitude16.385°N / 98.329°WSanto Domingo Armenta, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoSeismic antipode16.385°S / 81.671°EShaking intensityIV Light shaking near epicenterFelt2 reportsPrimary data sourceEMSC (European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre)Weather at epicenter at time of quakeBroken Clouds 3.3°C (38 F), humidity: 78%, wind: 2 m/s (4 kts) from ENEEstimated seismic energy released1.3 x 1011 joules (35 megawatt hours, equivalent to 30.1 tons of TNT) | equivalent to ONE quake of magnitude 4.2 | about seismic energy30 minutes ago reported feltMar 29, 2026 04:53 GMT / Mar 28, 2026 10:53 pm (GMT -6)Lat / Lng: 16.385 / -98.329: Oaxaca, MexicoSource: EMSCOther sources: RaspberryShake: 4.2 / 24 km, SSN: 4.2 / 24 kmDetail info | Read user reports | You felt it? - Report it!';storedMarkers.push(['quake-22853028',16.38500,-98.32900,'30 minutes ago: Mag. 4.2, Oaxaca, Mexico',html,'quakes-6-24.png',25,25,12,12,125]); function mkRep(id,notFelt){var nFelt=notFelt||false;var src="https://www.volcanoesandearthquakes.com/app/earthquake-report.php?quakeId="+id;if(nFelt==true){src+="¬Felt=true";}window.open(src,"","status=0,toolbar=0,location=0,directories=0,menubar=0,resizable=1,scrollbars=1,height=400,width=350");} function locationHashChanged(e){-1!=e.oldURL.indexOf("#popupMap")&&closePopup()} window.onhashchange = locationHashChanged; function comment(e){var t=e.parentNode,a=(t.dataset.id,document.getElementById("commentForm"));"none"==a.style.display?(t.appendChild(a),a.style.display="block"):a.style.display="none"}function sendComment(e){var t=e.parentNode,a=t.parentNode.dataset.id,n=document.getElementById("commentContent"),p=n.value.trim();if(p){var o="id="+a+"&quakeId="+thisQuakeId;o+="&comment="+decodeURIComponent(p),mkRequest("//reports.volcanodiscovery.com/app/eqReportComment.php","post",o,function(e){e.responseText;alert("Thank you for submitting your comment!"),t.style.display="none",n.value=""})}}function flagReport(e){var t=e.parentNode.dataset.id;if(confirm("Report this as inappropriate?")){var a="id="+t+"&quakeId="+thisQuakeId+"&flagAsInappropriate=1";mkRequest("//reports.volcanodiscovery.com/app/eqReportComment.php","post",a,function(t){var a=t.responseText;alert(a),e.style.display="none"})}}function likeReport(e){var t="id="+e.parentNode.dataset.id+"&quakeId="+thisQuakeId+"&like=1";mkRequest("//reports.volcanodiscovery.com/app/eqReportComment.php","post",t,function(t){t.responseText;e.style.opacity=.5})}]]>[smaller] [bigger]Most recent quakes Top 20 past 24 hrs Quakes in MexicoNearby placesThe closest larger town where the quake might have been felt is Pinotepa Nacional, a town with 30,000 inhabitants in Mexico, in 30 km (19 mi) distance east of the epicenter. People likely experienced weak shaking there. Many smaller towns and villages are located closer to the epicenter and might have experienced stronger shaking. In the capital of Mexico, Mexico City, 349 km (217 mi) away from the epicenter, the earthquake could not be felt.The following table shows some of the places that might have been affected (or not) by the shaking.DistancePlaceMax. shaking intensity(*)RegionCountry8 km (5 mi)SW of epicenterSanto Domingo Armenta(pop: 2,580)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico11 km (7 mi)SE of epicenterEl Ciruelo(pop: 2,220)III: WeakSantiago Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de OaxacaMexico12 km (8 mi)N of epicenterSantiago Llano Grande(pop: 1,880)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico13 km (8 mi)NW of epicenterCuajinicuilapa(pop: 10,300)III: WeakEstado de GuerreroMexico21 km (13 mi)W of epicenterSan Nicolas(pop: 3,270)III: WeakCuajinicuilapa, Estado de GuerreroMexico22 km (14 mi)SE of epicenterCorralero(pop: 1,740)III: WeakSantiago Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de OaxacaMexico27 km (17 mi)NW of epicenterEl Pitahayo(pop: 1,620)III: WeakCuajinicuilapa, Estado de GuerreroMexico30 km (19 mi)E of epicenterPinotepa Nacional(pop: 29,600)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico30 km (19 mi)N of epicenterHuixtepec(pop: 3,370)III: WeakOmetepec, Estado de GuerreroMexico32 km (20 mi)NE of epicenterSan Juan Cacahuatepec(pop: 4,240)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico33 km (21 mi)NE of epicenterSan Antonio Tepetlapa(pop: 2,620)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico35 km (22 mi)N of epicenterOmetepec(pop: 24,100)III: WeakEstado de GuerreroMexico38 km (24 mi)E of epicenterPinotepa de Don Luis(pop: 5,690)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico40 km (25 mi)N of epicenterZacoalpan(pop: 4,900)III: WeakOmetepec, Estado de GuerreroMexico42 km (26 mi)NE of epicenterIpalapa(pop: 1,910)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico43 km (26 mi)NW of epicenterJuchitan(pop: 3,350)III: WeakJuchitan, Estado de GuerreroMexico44 km (27 mi)SE of epicenterCollantes(pop: 2,240)III: WeakSantiago Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de OaxacaMexico44 km (27 mi)N of epicenterGuadalupe Victoria(pop: 2,340)III: WeakXochistlahuaca, Estado de GuerreroMexico45 km (28 mi)W of epicenterBarra de Tecoanapa(pop: 1,160)III: WeakMarquelia, Estado de GuerreroMexico45 km (28 mi)E of epicenterSanta Maria Huazolotitlan(pop: 4,760)III: WeakSanta Maria Huazolotitlan, Estado de OaxacaMexico48 km (30 mi)NW of epicenterQuetzalapa(pop: 1,640)III: WeakAzoyu, Estado de GuerreroMexico48 km (30 mi)NW of epicenterAzoyu(pop: 4,210)III: WeakAzoyu, Estado de GuerreroMexico49 km (30 mi)E of epicenterSan Lorenzo(pop: 2,080)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico49 km (31 mi)N of epicenterSan Cristobal(pop: 1,300)III: WeakTlacoachistlahuaca, Estado de GuerreroMexico55 km (34 mi)E of epicenterSantiago Jamiltepec(pop: 10,100)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico56 km (35 mi)NE of epicenterZacatepec(pop: 4,850)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico56 km (35 mi)NW of epicenterZoyatlan(pop: 1,120)III: WeakMarquelia, Estado de GuerreroMexico57 km (35 mi)NW of epicenterMarquelia(pop: 6,550)III: WeakEstado de GuerreroMexico58 km (36 mi)NE of epicenterLa Reforma(pop: 1,360)III: WeakEstado de OaxacaMexico62 km (38 mi)N of epicenterLa Soledad(pop: 1,300)III: WeakXochistlahuaca, Estado de GuerreroMexico63 km (39 mi)NE of epicenterSan Juan Cabeza del Rio(pop: 1,590)III: WeakSanta Maria Zacatepec, Estado de OaxacaMexico64 km (40 mi)NW of epicenterSan Luis Acatlan(pop: 8,280)III: WeakEstado de GuerreroMexico72 km (45 mi)NW of epicenterPueblo Hidalgo(pop: 3,720)III: WeakSan Luis Acatlan, Estado de GuerreroMexico74 km (46 mi)W of epicenterCopala(pop: 6,620)III: WeakEstado de GuerreroMexico75 km (46 mi)SE of epicenterSan Jose del Progreso(pop: 4,110)II: Very weakVilla de Tututepec de Melchor Ocampo, Estado de OaxacaMexico75 km (47 mi)E of epicenterSantiago Ixtayutla(pop: 1,900)II: Very weakEstado de OaxacaMexico83 km (52 mi)NE of epicenterPutla Villa de Guerrero(pop: 10,900)II: Very weakEstado de OaxacaMexico187 km (116 mi)NE of epicenterOaxaca(pop: 255,000)II: Very weakEstado de OaxacaMexico349 km (217 mi)N of epicenterMexico City(pop: 12,294,200)I: Not feltCiudad de MexicoMexico13957 km (8673 mi)N of epicenterFayzabad(pop: 44,400): Not feltBadakhshanAfghanistanNotes:(*) Shaking intensity according to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) and estimated using seismic models.User-reports for this quake (3)The first report about ground shaking reached us after only 5 minutes, before other agencies reported it. So far, we have received 3 reports for this quake from Mexico. Out of these, 2 people indicated they felt it.Most reports came from Rio Frio de Juarez (2 reports), a town with 5,800 inhabitants in México in 332 km (206 mi) distance north of the epicenter, Mexico. Further below is a list of places where most people reported this quake.This section is being updated as new data comes in.User reports estimate the perceived ground shaking intensity according to the MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity) scale.Translate296.7 km N of epicenter [Map] / not felt (reported through our app)Rio Frio de Juarez, Ixtapaluca Municipality, México (332.3 km N of epicenter) [Map] / Weak shaking (MMI III) (reported through our app)Rio Frio de Juarez, Ixtapaluca Municipality, México (332 km N of epicenter) [Map] / Weak shaking (MMI III) (reported through our app)List of cities/places with most reportsPlaceDistance from epicenterAverage reported Shaking IntensityNr. of reportsRio Frio de Juarez, México, Mexico(Pop.: 5,774)332 km (206 mi)N of epicenterIII: Weak shaking2Note: Only reports with latitude/longitude coordinate positions given (3 in total) could be used for statistics.What is Intensity and the Mercalli Intensity Scale?The amount of shaking that occurs on the surface due to an earthquake is called the intensity. It is commonly measured on the so-called Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) ranging from 1 (not felt) to 10 (extreme shaking), and given in Roman numerals as I,II,...IX, X, and often displayed with color codes ranging from light blue to dark red.Earthquake intensity depends mainly on the magnitude and depth of the quake as well as the distance from the epicenter: The further away, the less shaking intensity occurs.Read more about the MMI scale!Number of reports by intensityShaking intensityNumber of reportsMin-Max distance from epicenter (*)Average distance (*)I: Not felt1296–296 km (184–184 mi)296 km (184 mi)Notes(*) Reports are filtered to exclude those that are likely highly inaccurate or esaggerated.Only reports with latitude/longitude coordinate positions given (3 in total) could be used for geographic statistics.Get the Android appI didn't feel itI felt this quakeIf you were near the epicenter and felt it, please share your experience and submit a short "I felt it" report! Other users would love to hear about it!If you did NOT feel the quake although you were in the area, please report it as well! Your contribution is valuable to earthquake science and seismic hazard analysis.Compare Quake DataData for the same earthquake as reported by different agenciesThe more agencies report about the same quake and post similar data, the more confidence you can have in the data. It takes normally up to a few hours until earthquake parameters are calculated with near-optimum precision.MagDepthTime GMT2026-03-29EpicenterAgency4.224 km15 mi04:53:28OAXACA, MEXICOEMSC (European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre)4.224 km15 mi04:53:28Near Coast of Guerrero, Mexico0 km (0 mi) epicenter difference with EMSCRaspberryShake (RaspberryShake)4.224 km15 mi04:53:2830 km al OESTE de PINOTEPA NACIONAL, OAX0 km (0 mi) epicenter difference with EMSCSSN (Servicio Sismológico Nacional)Aftershocks for this quakeNo aftershocks have been recorded so far. When aftershocks are detected, we will update this section.What are aftershocks?Larger earthquakes (above magnitude 5 or so) such as this one are usually followed by smaller ones known as aftershocks that occur in the same area during the days, weeks, months or even years after the main shock.[More info]What about this quake?Based on its magnitude, the fault that was active during the quake likely ruptured beneath a surface area of approximately 2 km2 (1 square miles) as a first-order estimate. The length of the rupture zone thus was probably around 2 km (1 mi).[More info]Recorded aftershocks, latest first (0 quake)Mar 28, 2026 10:53 pm (GMT -6)30 minutes ago - felt4.224 km0 km - This quake30 km W of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoMain Shock (this quake)MoreMap of aftershocksEarthquake statisticsAverage number of earthquakesBased on data from the past 26 years and our earthquake archive back to 1900, there are about 2,200 quakes on average per year in the area near the epicenter of this quake (within 100 km/61 mi):Mag. 7 or higher: 0.09 quakes per year (or 1 quake every 11.5 years)Mag. 6 or higher: 0.26 quakes per year (or 1 quake every 3.9 years)Mag. 5 or higher: 2.7 quakes per yearMag. 4 or higher: 166 quakes per year (or 13.8 quakes per month)Mag. 3 or higher: 2,100 quakes per year (or 5.8 quakes per day)Mag. 2 or higher: 2,200 quakes per year (or 5.9 quakes per day)Mag. 1 or higher: 2,200 quakes per year (or 5.9 quakes per day)The area where this quake occurred has a very high level of seismic activity. It has had at least 11 quakes above magnitude 7 since 1900, which suggests that larger earthquakes of this size occur infrequently, probably on average approximately every 10 to 15 years.Number of quakes per yearPrevious quakes in the same area of this earthquakeThe earthquake occurred 14 hours after a magnitude 4.9 earthquake had hit on Saturday, Mar 28, 2026, at 09:02 am local time (America/Mexico City GMT -6) in 18.5 km (11 mi) distance to the north:Mag. 4.9 earthquake 41 km northwest of Pinotepa Nacional - Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico - The largest quake near the epicenter of this quake during the 10 years before was an event of magnitude 7.2. It had occurred 8 years earlier, on Friday, Feb 16, 2018, at 05:39 pm local time (America/Mexico City GMT -6) in Pinotepa de Don Luis, Mexico:Mag. 7.2 earthquake 9.4 km northeast of Pinotepa Nacional - Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico - Feb 16, 2018 - The strongest-ever (since 1900) recorded quake in this area measured magnitude 8.1. It had occurred 118 years ago earlier, on Thursday, Mar 26, 1908, at 05:03 pm local time (America/Mexico City GMT -6) in Estado de Guerrero, Mexico:Mag. 8.1 earthquake 73 km northeast of Chilpancingo - Estado de Guerrero, Mexico - Mar 26, 1908 - Below is a list and map of larger or recent quakes that had occurred near the epicenter before this earthquake (within up to 100 km/61 mi distance, up to 300 km/183 mi for very large quakes above mag. 7). Filter and sort the list by magnitude or time.Max results102050100AllMagnitudeAll2+3+4+5+6+7+8+Time before48 hours1 week30 days1 year5 years30 yearsAny ageDate and TimeMagDepthDistanceLocationDetailsMapMar 28, 09:02 am (Mexico City)4.910 km18 km (11 mi) to the N 41 km northwest of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico I FELT IT - 4 reportsInfoMar 28, 06:57 am (Mexico City)5.110 km33 km (20 mi) to the W 46 km southwest of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, Mexico I FELT IT - 2 reportsInfoMar 28, 06:29 am (Mexico City)4.820 km42 km (26 mi) to the N 23 km east of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, Mexico I FELT IT - 2 reportsInfoMar 28, 04:36 am (GMT -6)4.310 km29 km (18 mi) to the SNorth Pacific Ocean, 64 km south of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, Mexico I FELT IT - 1 reportInfoMar 28, 02:00 am (GMT -7)4.48.6 km75 km (47 mi) to the SNorth Pacific Ocean, 87 km southwest of Pinotepa Nacional, Mexico I FELT ITInfoSep 7, 2021 08:47 pm (Mexico City)7.110 km176 km (110 mi) to the WNorth Pacific Ocean, 8 km south of Acapulco de Juárez, Mexico 405 reportsInfoJun 23, 2020 03:29 pm (Universal Time)7.110 km276 km (171 mi) to the E 62 km west of Salina Cruz, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico 469 reportsInfoFeb 19, 2018 12:56 am (Mexico City)5.922 km65 km (40 mi) to the E 35 km east of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico 134 reportsInfoFeb 16, 2018 06:36 pm (Mexico City)5.83.5 km56 km (35 mi) to the SE 29 km southeast of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico 28 reportsInfoFeb 16, 2018 05:39 pm (Mexico City)7.222 km37 km (23 mi) to the E 9.4 km northeast of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico 276 reportsInfoSep 19, 2017 12:14 pm (Mexico City)7.056 km243 km (151 mi) to the N 3.8 km southeast of Casa Blanca (Cuyotliapa), Estado de Puebla, Mexico 345 reportsInfoMay 8, 2016 01:34 am (Mexico City)5.930 km69 km (43 mi) to the E 44 km northeast of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico 55 reportsInfoApr 18, 2014 08:27 am (Mexico City)7.224 km303 km (188 mi) to the W 26 km southwest of La Laguna, Estado de Guerrero, Mexico 119 reportsInfoMar 9, 2014 05:38 pm (GMT -7)5.88.4 km38 km (24 mi) to the SNorth Pacific Ocean, 27 km southwest of Corralero, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoApr 2, 2012 11:36 am (Mexico City)6.09 km1.8 km (1.1 mi) to the NE 7 km southwest of Santa Maria Cortijo, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoMar 20, 2012 12:02 pm (Mexico City)7.420 km16 km (9.9 mi) to the NE 6 km E of Santiago Llano Grande, MexicoInfoMay 5, 2011 07:24 am (Mexico City)5.724 km54 km (34 mi) to the NW 5.9 km north of Azoyu, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoJun 30, 2010 01:22 am (Mexico City)6.320 km58 km (36 mi) to the E 2.9 km east of San Agustin Chayuco, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoJun 14, 2004 05:54 pm (Mexico City)5.910 km52 km (32 mi) to the E 0 km W of Santa Catarina Mechoacán, MexicoInfoSep 30, 1999 10:31 am (Mexico City)7.561 km154 km (95 mi) to the E 26 km northeast of Puerto Escondido, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoJun 15, 1999 02:42 pm (Mexico City)7.070 km242 km (150 mi) to the N 9.6 km southwest of Tehuacan, Estado de Puebla, MexicoInfoJul 19, 1997 08:22 am (Mexico City)6.933 km13 km (8.3 mi) to the SE 17 km west of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoFeb 25, 1996 03:17 am (Mexico City)6.212 km52 km (32 mi) to the SE 28 km southeast of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoFeb 24, 1996 08:08 pm (Mazatlan)7.121 km53 km (33 mi) to the SE offshore Oaxaca, MexicoInfoSep 14, 1995 08:04 am (Mexico City)7.423 km52 km (33 mi) to the NW 22 km northwest of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoOct 24, 1993 01:52 am (Mexico City)6.721 km58 km (36 mi) to the NW 34 km west of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoMay 14, 1993 09:12 pm (Mexico City)6.121 km36 km (22 mi) to the N 1.6 km northeast of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoJul 1, 1984 10:50 pm (Mexico City)6.447 km48 km (30 mi) to the N 13 km north of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoJun 7, 1982 04:59 am (Mexico City)7.034 km19 km (12 mi) to the N 5 km NNW of San Juan Bautista Lo De Soto, MexicoInfoJun 7, 1982 12:52 am (Mexico City)6.941 km31 km (19 mi) to the NE 1 km SE of San Juan Cacahuatepec, MexicoInfoNov 29, 1978 01:52 pm (Mexico City)7.718 km190 km (118 mi) to the E 36 km south of Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoApr 23, 1975 06:14 am (Mexico City)6.211 km62 km (39 mi) to the WNorth Pacific Ocean, 60 km southwest of Ometepec, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoAug 2, 1968 08:06 am (Mexico City)7.325 km65 km (40 mi) to the E Oaxaca, MexicoInfoJul 28, 1957 02:40 am (Mexico City)7.638 km110 km (69 mi) to the NW Guerrero, MexicoInfoDec 28, 1951 03:20 am (Mexico City)6.531 km70 km (43 mi) to the NW 0.8 km southeast of Bocachahue, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoDec 14, 1950 02:15 pm (Universal Time)7.135 km43 km (26 mi) to the NW Guerrero, MexicoInfoJan 6, 1948 05:23 pm (Universal Time)6.430 km56 km (34 mi) to the W Guerrero, MexicoInfoJan 2, 1938 10:27 pm (Universal Time)6.425 km25 km (15 mi) to the SWNorth Pacific Ocean, 47 km west of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoJan 1, 1938 06:00 pm (Mexico City)7.00 km32 km (20 mi) to the SNorth Pacific Ocean, 38 km southwest of Pinotepa Nacional, MexicoInfoDec 23, 1937 01:18 pm (Universal Time)7.425 km30 km (19 mi) to the N Guerrero, MexicoInfoJan 15, 1931 01:50 am (Universal Time)7.635 km200 km (124 mi) to the E 34 km south of Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoOct 9, 1928 03:01 am (Universal Time)7.525 km97 km (60 mi) to the E 13 km northeast of Santa Maria Acatepec, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoAug 4, 1928 06:26 pm (Universal Time)7.320 km58 km (36 mi) to the S offshore Oaxaca, MexicoInfoJun 17, 1928 03:19 am (Universal Time)7.920 km152 km (95 mi) to the E 48 km southwest of Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoApr 16, 1928 04:26 pm (Mexico City)7.80 km200 km (124 mi) to the NE 86 km northwest of Oaxaca, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoSep 23, 1910 10:32 pm (Mexico City)6.50 km35 km (22 mi) to the E 5.5 km east of Pinotepa Nacional, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoMar 26, 1908 05:03 pm (Mexico City)8.10 km193 km (120 mi) to the N 73 km northeast of Chilpancingo, Estado de Guerrero, MexicoInfoApr 15, 1907 06:08 am (Universal Time)7.830 km118 km (73 mi) to the E 2.9 km northwest of Teojomulco, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoJan 13, 1903 06:47 pm (GMT -7)7.70 km158 km (98 mi) to the SNorth Pacific Ocean, 267 km southwest of Oaxaca, Estado de Oaxaca, MexicoInfoMap of earlier quakes in the area of this quakeMax results102050100AllMagnitudeAll2+3+4+5+6+7+8+Time before48 hours1 week30 days1 year5 years30 yearsAny ageOldest quakes are shown in yellow, most recent in red.[quakes -][quakes +][smaller][bigger]