ANA LONOVA2025年11月7日巴西卡马萨里的一家工厂正在组装比亚迪汽车，这家中国电动汽车制造商为巴西总统卢拉提供专车，将他送往巴西贝伦举行的联合国气候变化大会。 Joa Souza/ReutersThe electric car pulling up to the conference hall was Chinese. The leader who stepped out was not.驶抵会议大厅的电动车是中国的，但走下车的领导人却不是中国人。The climate-friendly ride was carrying President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil, the host of this year’s U.N. Climate Change Conference, a gathering of dozens of world leaders in the Amazonian city of Belém.这辆环保座驾承载的是巴西总统卢拉——今年联合国气候变化大会的主办国元首。这场汇聚了数十位世界领导人的会议在亚马孙城市贝伦召开。The vehicle, a sleek black S.U.V. made by the Chinese automaker BYD, was part of a fleet of electric and hybrid cars assembled to shuttle delegations to the summit’s opening on Thursday, where they began negotiations on ways to cut emissions of planet-warming gases and slow down climate change.这款流线型黑色SUV由中国车企比亚迪制造，属于为周四峰会开幕式准备的电动及混合动力车队。各国代表团乘坐这些车辆前往会场，就削减温室气体排放、减缓气候变化的方案展开谈判。“We need to embrace a new way of life, a more just, resilient and low-carbon development model,” Mr. Lula said in his opening remarks on Thursday.“我们需要拥抱一种新的生活方式，一种更公正、更具韧性且低碳的发展模式，”卢拉在周四的开幕致辞中表示。That Brazil chose Chinese electric vehicles as the official means of transporting Mr. Lula and other world leaders sent a clear signal to many: In its quest to transform its roads and its economy, Latin America’s largest nation would be turning to China.巴西选择中国电动车作为卢拉及其他世界领导人的官方用车，向许多人传递了明确信号：这个拉丁美洲最大的国家在寻求道路交通与经济转型之际，将目光投向中国。卢拉出席了周四举行的会议开幕式。本届峰会的目标是提出减少导致全球变暖的温室气体排放的具体方案。 Wagner Meier/Getty ImagesThe gesture highlighted the spectacular inroads that Chinese climate technologies have made in Brazil. It also underscored the absence of the United States at this year’s talks, known as COP30, which President Trump is not attending.这一举措既凸显了中国气候技术在巴西取得的显著进展，也凸显了美国在今年这场名为COP30气候大会的缺席——特朗普总统并未出席。“The world is moving on, even without U.S. political and technological leadership,” said Scott Kennedy, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington research organization. “With these cars, Brazil is signaling that it has other options.”“即便没有美国的政治与技术引领，世界仍在前行，”华盛顿智库战略与国际研究中心高级顾问斯科特·肯尼迪表示。“通过这些汽车，巴西在传递一个信息：它还有其他选择。”Electric vehicles are widely seen as crucial in the fight against climate change because they reduce the world’s reliance on fossil fuels and eliminate emissions of carbon dioxide, the primary heat-trapping gas that’s warming Earth’s atmosphere.电动车被广泛视为应对气候变化的关键力量，因为它们能减少全球对化石燃料的依赖，且不会排放二氧化碳——这种主要温室气体正导致地球大气升温。While European and American automakers have struggled to pivot to making vehicles powered by electricity, China has gained ground by offering electric cars built with advanced technologies at lower prices than those of competitors like Tesla. This has made Chinese cars especially attractive in developing countries with less spending power.当欧美车企仍在艰难转型电动车生产时，中国已凭借技术先进、价格低于特斯拉等竞争对手的电动车占据优势。这使得中国汽车在购买力较弱的发展中国家尤其具有吸引力。China also controls the supply chains for the critical minerals that are needed to make the powerful batteries that go into these cars. The country is vying with United States for access to these strategic minerals, which are considered key to the technologies of the future and are also plentiful in Brazil and elsewhere in Latin America.中国还掌控着电动车高性能电池所需关键矿产的供应链。这些被视为未来科技命脉的战略矿产在巴西及拉丁美洲其他地区储量丰富，正引发中美两国的激烈争夺。Chinese electric cars have been rapidly gaining market share in Asia and Europe, now accounting for roughly two-thirds of the global market. In Brazil, the world’s sixth-largest car market, over 80 percent of electric vehicles sold are Chinese.中国电动车已迅速抢占亚洲和欧洲市场份额，目前约占全球市场的三分之二。在全球第六大汽车市场巴西，售出的电动车中超过80%是中国品牌。And Chinese automakers have made it clear that they have even bigger plans for Latin America.中国车企也明确表示，它们对拉丁美洲有着更大的规划。Last month, BYD inaugurated its biggest factory outside Asia, at a plant in Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, that was once run by Ford. Also this year, GWM, another Chinese company, took over a massive plant that once belonged to the German automaker Mercedes-Benz. The plan is to sell the electric cars produced at these factories across Brazil and the rest of Latin America.上个月，比亚迪在巴西东北部巴伊亚州启用了其在亚洲以外最大的工厂——该厂曾由福特运营。同样在今年，另一家中国企业长城汽车接管了一座曾隶属于德国车企梅赛德斯-奔驰的大型工厂。这些工厂生产的电动车计划销往巴西及拉丁美洲其他地区。It is already clear whether electric vehicles are leaving a mark on Brazilian cities, including in Belém, a port city of 1.3 million near the mouth of the Amazon River that is frequently choked by traffic.在贝伦等巴西城市，电动汽车的普及已带来显著变化。这座拥有130万人口的港口城市位于亚马孙河口附近，常年饱受交通拥堵困扰。On a weekday just before the summit kicked off, the streets were gridlocked, but the clouds of exhaust were thinner than they had once been. The roads were dotted with electric cars, humming quietly in the midday traffic. Dignitaries zipped around in convoys made up of GWM pickup trucks, their windows frosted by air-conditioning. Electric buses shuttled passengers around the city.峰会召开前的一个工作日，贝伦的街道依旧拥堵，但尾气烟雾较以往稀薄了许多。道路上随处可见电动车，在正午的车流中安静行驶。政要们乘坐由长城皮卡组成的车队穿梭往来，车窗因空调制冷凝结着雾气。电动巴士在城里穿梭，运送乘客。“This technology is transforming the whole world,” Mr. Kennedy said. “And China has jumped into this space.”“这项技术正在改变整个世界，”肯尼迪表示，“而中国已迅速切入这一领域。”Lis Moriconi对本文有报道贡献。Ana Ionova常驻里约热内卢，为《纽约时报》撰稿，报道巴西和邻国新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。