MARK MAZZETTI, ERIC SCHMITT, JULIAN E. BARNES2026年4月13日American intelligence agencies have obtained information that China in recent weeks may have sent a shipment of shoulder-fired missiles to Iran for its conflict with the United States and Israel, according to U.S. officials.据美国官员称，美国情报机构获得情报显示，中国最近几周可能已向伊朗运送了一批肩扛式导弹，用于其与美国和以色列的冲突。The officials said that the intelligence is not definitive that the shipment has been sent, and that there is no evidence that the Chinese missiles have yet been used against American or Israeli forces during the conflict.这些官员表示，情报并未确凿证明这批货物已经发出，也没有证据显示中国导弹已在冲突中被用于针对美国或以色列部队的作战。But even a debate in Beijing over sending missiles to Iran suggests the degree that China sees itself as having a stake in the conflict. Intelligence agencies have assessed that China is secretly taking an active stance in the war, allowing some companies to ship chemicals, fuel and components that can be used in military production to Iran for the war.但仅从北京就是否向伊朗提供导弹展开了争论这一点，就足以表明中国认为这场冲突关乎自己的切身利益。情报机构评估认为，中国正在秘密采取一种主动的姿态，允许一些公司向伊朗运送可在军事生产中使用的化学品、燃料和零部件，以支持这场战争。Shoulder fired missiles, known as MANPADS, are capable of shooting down low-flying aircraft.被称为MANPADS的肩扛式导弹能够击落低空飞行的飞机。China has long been reluctant to send finished military equipment to Iran, but some officials in the government want Beijing to allow its companies to directly supply the Iranian security forces during the conflict with the United States.中国长期以来不愿向伊朗提供军事装备成品，但政府中一些官员希望北京允许其企业在与美国的冲突期间直接向伊朗安全部队提供物资。If the Chinese government did allow the shipment of missiles, it would be a significant escalation and an indication that at least some of China’s leaders are working actively to bring about an American military defeat in a war that has engulfed the Middle East.如果中国政府确实允许了导弹的输送，将是一次重大升级，并表明至少部分中国领导人正在积极努力促使美国在这场席卷中东的战争中遭受军事失败。The intelligence about possible Chinese support to Iran comes as American intelligence agencies have seen evidence that Russia has provided the Iranian military with specific satellite intelligence to help Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps target American ships, along with military and diplomatic installations throughout the Middle East.有关中国可能向伊朗提供支持的情报传来之际，美国情报机构已看到证据，显示俄罗斯向伊朗军方提供了具体卫星情报，帮助伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队锁定美国船只以及整个中东地区的军事和外交设施。Taken together, the military support to Iran shows how America’s powerful adversaries have seen an opportunity to raise the costs for the United States for launching the war and to potentially bog down the American military in the conflict.综合来看，对伊朗的军事支持表明，美国的强大对手们已看到机会，可以提高美国发动这场战争的代价，并可能将美国军队拖入冲突泥潭。Chinese support to Iran comes at a delicate moment in U.S.-China relations. President Trump is planning next month to travel to China to meet with President Xi Jinping of China, a summit that is expected to focus on a range of trade, technology and military issues. The summit was originally scheduled for March, but was delayed because of the Iran war.中国对伊朗的支持出现在美中关系的一个微妙时刻。美国总统特朗普计划下个月前往中国与习近平主席会晤，此次峰会预计将聚焦贸易、技术和军事等一系列问题。峰会原定于3月举行，但因伊朗战争而推迟。American intelligence agencies have been carefully tracking what support Russia and China have provided to Iran during the war. American officials have seen Russia as more eager to help, sending food aid, nonlethal military supplies and satellite imagery to Tehran. But Moscow appears to have ruled out providing any offensive or defensive military equipment, for fear of provoking the United States.美国情报机构一直在密切追踪俄罗斯和中国在战争期间向伊朗提供了哪些支持。美国官员认为俄罗斯更急于提供帮助，已向德黑兰发送食品援助、非致命性军事物资和卫星图像。但莫斯科似乎已排除提供任何进攻性或防御性军事装备，以免激怒美国。Chinese officials overall have been eager to protect, at least publicly, their image as a neutral party. Former officials say that Iran is reliant on China for parts that go into its missiles and drones, but Beijing is able to argue that those components, however crucial, can be used to manufacture more than just weaponry. China also provided some intelligence and supplied dual-use parts to Iran, much as they provided to Russia during its war with Ukraine.中国官员总体上一直热衷于至少在公开场合维护其中立形象。前官员表示，伊朗依赖中国提供导弹和无人机所需的零部件，但北京可以辩称，这些零部件无论多么关键，都可用于制造武器以外的产品。中国还向伊朗提供了一些情报和双用途零部件，就像他们在俄罗斯与乌克兰战争期间所做的那样。A CNN report on Saturday said that China was preparing to send a shipment of shoulder-fired missiles to Iran in the coming weeks.CNN周六的一篇报道称，中国正准备在未来几周向伊朗运送一批肩扛式导弹。A spokesman for China’s embassy to the United States strongly denied his government had shipped missiles to Iran during the war.中国驻美国大使馆发言人强烈否认其政府在战争期间向伊朗运送了导弹。“China has never provided weapons to any party in the conflict; the information in question is untrue,” said Liu Pengyu, the spokesman. “As a responsible major country, China consistently fulfills its international obligations. We urge the U.S. side to refrain from making baseless allegations, maliciously drawing connections, and engaging in sensationalism; we hope that relevant parties will do more to help de-escalate tensions.”“中国从未向冲突中的任何一方提供武器；相关信息不实，”发言人刘鹏宇说。“作为负责任的大国，中国一贯履行其国际义务。我们敦促美方不要进行毫无根据的指责、恶意关联和炒作；我们希望有关各方多做有助于缓和紧张局势的事。”China is heavily dependent on oil that passes through the Strait of Hormuz, and is anxious not to do anything that extends the war, according to American officials. At the same time, at least some Chinese officials are interested in supporting Tehran in a war that is seen as weakening American standing and strength.据美国官员称，中国高度依赖通过霍尔木兹海峡运输的石油，因此急于避免任何延长战争的举动。与此同时，至少部分中国官员有意支持德黑兰，因为他们认为这场战争正在削弱美国的地位和实力。China is Iran’s largest trading partner, and the largest purchaser of Iranian oil. According to a report by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, a group founded by Congress to examine America’s bilateral ties to China, “Chinese purchases account for roughly 90 percent of Iran’s exported oil, providing tens of billions of dollars in annual revenue that supports Iran’s government budget and military activities.”中国是伊朗最大的贸易伙伴，也是伊朗石油的最大买家。根据美中经济与安全评估委员会——国会为研究美中双边关系而成立的组织——的一份报告，“中国采购的石油约占伊朗出口石油的90%，每年为伊朗提供数百亿美元的收入，用于支持伊朗政府预算和军事活动。”Still, China experts have noted that China’s public rhetoric during the Iran war has been mostly neutral, possibly because of the deep economic ties that China has with Arab nations in the Persian Gulf which have been under attack by Iran during the conflict.尽管如此，中国问题专家指出，中国在伊朗战争期间的公开言论大多保持中立，可能是因为中国与波斯湾阿拉伯国家有着深厚的经济联系，而这些国家在冲突中一直受到伊朗的攻击。“If anything, they are siding rhetorically more so with their Gulf partners than with Iran,” said Henrietta Levin of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. “The economic, the technological relationship, the energy relationship with the Gulf is in many ways more strategically significant for China than anything it has with Iran.”“如果说有什么不同的话，他们在言辞上更倾向于站在其海湾伙伴一边，而不是伊朗，”华盛顿战略与国际研究中心的亨丽埃塔·莱文说。“从许多方面看，与海湾地区在经济、技术和能源方面的关系，对中国而言比与伊朗的任何关系都具有更大的战略意义。”Anton Troianovski自华盛顿对本文有报道贡献。Mark Mazzetti是时报驻华盛顿调查记者，主要关注国家安全、情报和外交事务。他著有一本关于CIA的书。Eric Schmitt是《纽约时报》国家安全记者，主要关注美军事务以及海外反恐议题，他报道此类新闻已超过30年。Julian E. Barnes为《纽约时报》报道美国情报机构和国际安全事务。他撰写安全相关议题已有20余年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。