AbstractThis study explores gender assignment strategies in Russian-Hebrew code-mixed adjective-noun phrases. Russianfeatures a three-gender system (masculine, feminine, neuter), while Hebrew uses a two-gender system (masculine, feminine). Despitethese differences, both languages share transparent gender assignment cues: nouns ending in -a are typicallyfeminine, while those ending in consonants are generally masculine. Both languages also feature opaque nouns. EightyRussian-Hebrew speakers participated, divided into heritage language (HL) speakers (age of bilingualism onset [AoB]: 0–6 years,dominant in Hebrew) and immigrant (IMM) speakers (AoB: 9+ years, dominant in Russian). Participants rated the acceptability ofcode-mixed sentences featuring Russian nouns within Hebrew matrix sentences. Results showed a preference for strategies combiningshape-based and insertion approaches with transparent nouns, reflecting overlapping linguistic cues in both languages. The samestrategies were preferred for opaque congruent nouns, where no gender conflict existed. For opaque gender-incongruent nouns,strategy use was shaped by the degree of overlap between the languages’ gender systems. Although differences between HL and IMMspeakers were expected, no group variation in strategy use was found. These findings advance our understanding of genderassignment in code-switching contexts and shed light on how bilinguals represent and process gender when two linguistic gendersystems are involved.