Grounded cognition and the role of musical expertise in shaping synesthetic metaphors among a music speechcommunity

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AbstractSynesthesia had been studied mainly as an early intersensory association in the brain, i.e., the experience ofthis phenomenon in synesthetes arises in childhood, or perhaps earlier, and lasts over a lifespan. However, empirical researchprovides extensive evidence that synesthesia might be induced or acquired at a later age and might surface in cognitive and verbalforms — through synesthetic metaphors, including bright sounds and loud colors. Although theseexamples demonstrate that we are all synesthetes, at least to some extent, the question that arises is whether musical expertisefavors the development of certain types of synesthetic mappings that might prove meaningless outside the context where they havebeen produced and consolidated. Participants were recruited from three university centers, Music (n = 25),Linguistics (n = 25), and Engineering (n = 25), to rate, in terms of comprehensibility, seventysynesthetic metaphors whose target domain is musical sound. As the music group is instructed on how tocapture the nuances of musical sounds, this group might conceive of and verbalize such sounds distinctly. Participants’ responses,which were analyzed for statistical significance using a Chi-square test of independence, show that the music group’s ratingstatistically differs from that of the other groups, indicating that musical expertise does lead to the emergence of synestheticmetaphors specific to musical discourse.