郭莉莉, AGNES CHANG2026年4月23日图片来源：万拓公司4月10日的卫星图像 Over the last few months, China has been quietly and quickly building an island in disputed waters off the coast of Vietnam that will help Beijing continue to dominate one of the most crucial waterways in the world. China claims about 90 percent of the South China Sea, including parts that are also claimed by several Southeast Asian countries.过去几个月里，中国一直在越南沿海争议海域悄悄地快速建造一座岛屿，这将有助于北京继续保持对这条全球最重要航道之一的控制。中国宣称对南中国海约90%的海域拥有主权，其中包括多个东南亚国家也提出主权主张的区域。 Satellite imagery going back to November shows Chinese dredgers building a crescent-shaped island on Antelope Reef in the Paracels, a cluster of islands and reefs where China, Taiwan and Vietnam have competing claims.去年11月以来的卫星图像显示，中国的挖泥船正在西沙群岛（英文通用名称为帕拉塞尔群岛，越南称其为黄沙群岛——译注）的羚羊礁（越南称海参岩——译注）建造一座新月形岛屿。西沙群岛由多个岛屿和礁石组成，中国、台湾和越南都对其声称拥有主权。By April, the edges of the island had been shaped and jetties, a helipad and unpaved roads were visible. It was almost twice the size of New York’s Central Park and appeared to still be under construction.到今年4月，这座岛屿的轮廓已成形，可以看到栈桥、一个直升机停机坪以及未铺砌的道路。它的面积几乎是纽约中央公园的两倍，而且看起来仍在建设中。Analysts say that given its size and the ongoing expansion, Antelope Reef is likely to become one of China’s largest military outposts in the region. Such islands typically have airstrips, radar, electronic warfare facilities and missile bunkers. The bases support China’s Navy and Air Force, helping them operate farther from China’s mainland. China’s Coast Guard and maritime militia, made up of thousands of civilian fishing boats that help assert Beijing’s presence in the waters, use them too.分析人士表示，考虑到它的规模以及持续扩建的情况，羚羊礁很可能会成为中国在该地区最大的军事前哨基地之一。这类岛屿通常配备简易机场、雷达、电子战设施和导弹掩体。这些基地为中国的海军和空军提供支持，使其能够在距离中国本土更远的地方开展行动。中国海警以及海上民兵也会使用这些设施——后者由成千上万的民间渔船组成，帮助中国宣示在相关水域的存在。该人工岛迅速成型。图片来源：商业卫星公司Planet Labs的卫星图像Analysts tracking China’s island-building activities were surprised to see the new construction because China already had several outposts in contested waters and had largely stopped major construction of such artificial islands.跟踪中国填海造岛活动的分析人士对这新一轮建设感到意外，因为中国在争议水域已经拥有多个前哨基地，而且此前基本已经停止了此类大型人工岛的建设。“The strategic logic of it is not super obvious,” said Harrison Prétat, deputy director and fellow with the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “The sense was they don’t need anything else,” he said.“其战略逻辑并不是非常明显，”美国战略与国际问题研究中心“亚洲海事透明度倡议”项目副主任、研究员哈里森·普雷塔表示。“大家普遍认为他们已经不需要再建什么了，”他说。Between 2013 and 2017, China built or expanded more than 20 military outposts in the South China Sea that are able to house troops. That included three larger military bases across the Spratly Islands — a chain more than 900 miles from the Chinese mainland, but within 300 miles of the Philippine coast — and one in the Paracels. The island-building campaign, which was unprecedented in its scope and speed, prompted international condemnation and damaged China’s ties with its Southeast Asian neighbors as well as the United States.2013年至2017年间，中国在南中国海修建或扩建了20多个能够驻扎部队的军事前哨。其中包括位于南沙群岛（英文通用名称为斯普拉特利群岛——译注）的三处较大的军事基地以及西沙群岛的一处基地，南沙群岛距离中国大陆超过1400公里，但距菲律宾海岸不到500公里。这一规模和速度空前的填海造岛行动，引发了国际社会的谴责，并损害了中国与东南亚邻国以及美国的关系。Mr. Prétat said the latest construction could be a response to Vietnam, which has for the last two years reclaimed land and built military facilities on the islets that it controls in the Spratlys.普雷塔表示，最新的建设可能是对越南的回应。过去两年里，越南一直在其控制的南沙群岛的岛礁上进行填海造地、修建军事设施。More important may be that compared with his predecessors, President Trump appears to be less focused on deterring China’s militarization of the South China Sea. “I think there’s a larger question of: Did they think they could get away with it?” Mr. Prétat said.更重要的可能性是，与之前的美国总统相比，特朗普总统似乎不太关注遏制中国在南中国海的军事化进程。“我认为一个更大的问题是：他们是否觉得自己这么做不用付出代价？”普雷塔说。Antelope Reef is now one of China’s biggest islands in the region, similar in size to its largest outpost on Mischief Reef in the Spratlys.羚羊礁如今是中国在该地区控制的最大岛屿之一，其规模与南沙群岛美济礁上中国最大的前哨基地相当。来源：美国战略与国际问题研究中心“亚洲海事透明度倡议”项目Vietnam claims the entirety of the Paracels, which have been under Beijing's control since China seized them in 1974. Hanoi has protested China’s construction at Antelope as “completely illegal and invalid."越南声称对整个西沙群岛拥有主权，而自中国于1974年夺取这些岛屿以来，它们一直处于北京的控制之下。河内抗议中国在羚羊礁的建设“完全非法且无效”。But Beijing insists that the Paracels are China’s “inherent territory.” Asked about the buildup at Antelope Reef last month, Lin Jian, a spokesman with China’s foreign ministry, said that any construction was simply aimed at “improving living and working conditions on the islands and growing the local economy.”但北京坚持认为西沙群岛是中国的“固有领土”。上个月在被问及羚羊礁的建设情况时，中国外交部发言人林剑表示，相关建设只是为了“改善岛上居民的居住和生活条件，服务地方经济发展”。最受欢迎卷心菜有多健康？习近平呼吁霍尔木兹海峡重新开放伊朗战争给中国“武统”台湾的警示全球动荡穷国遭殃，但富国也无法幸免伊朗与特朗普“谈不拢”的关键症结：信任哈佛与爱泼斯坦：学术、金钱和权势的“互惠互利”日本解禁武器出口，进一步背离战后和平主义燕麦有多健康？即将接管苹果帝国的特纳斯是谁？特朗普延长与伊朗的停火协议国际中国商业与经济镜头科技科学健康教育文化风尚旅游房地产观点与评论国际亚太南亚美国美洲欧洲中东非洲中国时政经济社会中外关系港澳台商业与经济全球经济中国经济交易录文化阅读艺术电影与电视体育风尚时尚美食与美酒生活方式观点与评论专栏作者观点漫画更多镜头科技科技公司科技与你科学健康教育旅游房地产免费下载 纽约时报中文网iOS 和 Android App点击下载iOS App 点击下载Android App© 2026 The New York Times Company.