ERNESTO LONDOÑO, HAMED ALEAZIZ2026年4月24日新泽西州泽西市自由州立公园，入籍仪式上的宣誓者。 Kent J. Edwards/ReutersThe Justice Department has identified 384 foreign-born Americans whose citizenship it wants to revoke, part of a push to increase the pace of denaturalizations by assigning the cases to prosecutors in dozens of U.S. attorney’s offices across the country.美国司法部已锁定384名归化美国公民，计划撤销他们的公民身份。这是加快撤销归化入籍进程的一部分，相关案件将分配给全国数十个联邦检察官办公室的检察官处理。Senior Justice Department officials in Washington told colleagues during a meeting last week that civil litigators in 39 regional offices would soon be assigned to file denaturalization cases against the individuals, according to an official familiar with the announcement who was not authorized to describe it on the record. Two people familiar with the plans confirmed the broader effort to ramp up denaturalizations. It was not clear what led the department to target the 384 individuals.据一位未获授权公开发言的知情人士透露，司法部在华盛顿的高级官员于上周的一次会议上告诉同事，39个地区办公室的民事诉讼律师将很快接受指派，对这些人提起撤销入籍的诉讼。两位知情人士证实了这项旨在加大撤销入籍力度的这一整体行动。目前尚不清楚司法部锁定这384人的具体原因。Under federal law, the government may ask a court to strip the citizenship of people who obtained it fraudulently — for instance, by entering into a sham marriage or by withholding information about their past that would have made them ineligible. Some who commit crimes may also be denaturalized. The government must present evidence to a federal judge through a civil or criminal proceeding, making the process challenging and time-consuming.根据联邦法律，政府可以请求法院剥夺通过欺诈手段获得的公民身份，例如通过假结婚或隐瞒会导致其不具备资格的过往重要信息。一些存在犯罪行为的人也可能被撤销入籍。政府必须在民事或刑事程序中向联邦法官提交证据，因此这一过程既复杂又耗时。Traditionally, experts in the department’s office of immigration litigation have handled denaturalization cases. But the effort to enlist regular prosecutors to pursue these cases could lead to a surge in denaturalizations, which have been rare in recent decades. It also comes just months after Trump administration officials ordered Department of Homeland Security staffers to refer upward of 200 denaturalization cases a month to the DOJ.传统上，这类案件通常由司法部移民诉讼办公室的专家处理。而让普通检察官参与办理这些案件可能导致撤销入籍案件激增，近几十年来此类案件一直数量很少。就在几个月前，特朗普政府官员还命令国土安全部工作人员每月向司法部移送逾200起撤销入籍案件。Matthew Tragesser, a Justice Department spokesman, said that officials were “pursuing the highest volume of denaturalization referrals in history” from the Department of Homeland Security.司法部发言人马修·特拉格瑟表示，官员们正在从国土安全部“接收史上最大数量的撤销入籍案件移交”。“The Department of Justice is laser focused on rooting out criminal aliens defrauding the naturalization process,” he added.他还补充道：“司法部正高度专注于清除那些通过欺诈手段获得国籍的犯罪外国人。”“Citizenship fraud is a serious crime; anyone who has broken the law and obtained citizenship through fraud and deceit will be held accountable,” said Abigail Jackson, a White House spokeswoman.白宫发言人阿比盖尔·杰克逊表示：“公民身份欺诈是一项严重犯罪；任何违反法律、通过欺骗和欺诈手段获得公民身份的人都将被追究责任。”The push indicates that the Trump administration aims to make good on its plan to increase the pace of denaturalizations as part of its crackdown on immigration. The move will likely scare many naturalized immigrants as the Trump administration has sought to curtail immigration across the board and spoken disdainfully about migrants from certain countries.此举表明，特朗普政府旨在落实其加速撤销归化公民身份的计划，以此作为打击非法移民的一部分。由于特朗普政府一直在全面限制移民，并对某些国家的移民发表轻蔑言论，此举可能会让许多已入籍的移民感到恐惧。“The message it sends is that naturalized citizens don’t have the same rights and stability as native-born citizens,” said Amanda Frost, a law professor at the University of Virginia. “The government has used this power in the past to target people it views as political opponents.”弗吉尼亚大学法学教授阿曼达·弗罗斯特表示：“这传递出的信息是，归化公民并不享有与出生公民同等的权利和稳定性。政府过去曾利用这一权力来针对其视为政治对手的人。”Between 2017 and late last year, the government sought to strip just over 120 naturalized Americans of their citizenship. Such cases were far less common before President Trump was first elected, said Ms. Frost, who has written about the history of denaturalization. Between 1990 and 2017, the government filed 305 denaturalization cases, an average of 11 per year.弗罗斯特教授曾撰文论述撤销入籍的历史，她表示，从2017年到去年年底，政府试图剥夺120余名归化美国公民的国籍。而在特朗普首次当选总统之前，这类案件要少得多。1990年至2017年间，政府共提起305起撤销入籍诉讼，平均每年11起。People who become U.S. citizens are extensively vetted. Applicants must provide biometric data and answer wide-ranging questions about their travel history, run-ins with the law and ties to the Communist Party. Some qualify through marriage to U.S. citizens after three years. Others become eligible after having held green cards for at least five years. The final steps of the naturalization process include passing civics and English tests.成为美国公民需要经过严格审查。申请人必须提供生物识别数据，并回答涉及旅行历史、违法记录以及与共产党的关系等方面的广泛问题。有些人通过与美国公民结婚满三年获得资格，还有一些人则是在持有绿卡至少五年后具备申请资格。入籍程序的最后步骤包括通过公民常识和英语测试。There have been instances of fraud. In 2017, the inspector general at the Department of Homeland Security said in a report that an initiative to digitize fingerprints collected on paper in old immigration cases revealed that more than 800 immigrants obtained American citizenship despite having been previously deported under a different name.欺诈案例确实存在。2017年，国土安全部监察长在一份报告中指出，一项将以往的移民案件中以纸质形式采集的指纹加以数字化的项目发现，有800多名移民此前曾以不同姓名被驱逐出境，却仍获得了美国公民身份。In 2024, more than 818,000 immigrants became American citizens, according to federal data.根据联邦数据，2024年有超过81.8万名移民成为美国公民。Naturalized citizens enjoy almost all the rights and responsibilities of native-born citizens (a notable exception is that foreign-born citizens may not run for president). As such, the bar for stripping someone of citizenship is high.归化公民几乎享有与出生公民相同的所有权利和义务（一个显著例外是，外国出生的公民不能竞选总统）。因此，剥夺一个人的公民身份门槛非常高。“For civil revocation of naturalization, the burden of proof is clear, convincing, and unequivocal evidence which does not leave the issue in doubt,” the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service said on its website.美国公民及移民服务局在其网站上表示：“对于通过民事诉讼撤销归化国籍，举证责任要求提供清晰、令人信服且明确的证据，不得留下任何疑点。”During last week’s meeting, Francey Hakes, the director of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys, described the 384 individuals identified for denaturalization “the first wave of cases” the government intended to pursue. Ms. Hakes acknowledged that several civil divisions at U.S. attorney’s offices are understaffed and struggling to cope with an avalanche of lawsuits filed by immigrants challenging the legality of their detentions.在上周的会议上，美国联邦检察官执行办公室主任弗朗西·海克斯将已确定的384名拟撤销入籍者称为政府计划推进的“第一波案件”。海克斯承认，多个联邦检察官办公室的民事部门人手不足，且正艰难应对移民提起的大量质疑其拘留合法性的诉讼。“I hope these cases will not be too much of an additional burden,” Ms. Hakes told colleagues, adding that boosting denaturalization cases was a “White House initiative.”“我希望这些案件不会增加太多额外负担，”海克斯告诉同事们，并补充说，加大撤销入籍案件的力度是“白宫的一项倡议”。Ms. Jackson, the White House spokeswoman, said “this isn’t a White House initiative — it’s federal law.”白宫发言人杰克逊则表示：“这并不是白宫的倡议——这是联邦法律。”Making denaturalization cases a core part of the work of civil divisions at U.S. attorney’s offices stands to divert resources from the type of cases its litigators have historically prioritized. Those include health-care fraud, procurement fraud, enforcement of civil rights laws and asset forfeiture cases.将撤销入籍案件作为联邦检察官办公室民事部门的核心工作，可能会分流其诉讼律师原本用于处理传统优先案件的资源。这些案件包括医疗欺诈、采购欺诈、民权法律执行以及资产没收案件。A rise in denaturalizations may also send a chilling message, said Ms. Frost, the law professor, hearkening back to an era in the 20th Century during which the government denaturalized political activists it disdained. President Trump said in an interview in January that Americans of Somali descent could be among those targeted in the denaturalization push.法学教授弗罗斯特表示，撤销入籍案件的增加还可能释放出一种令人不安的信号，让人联想到20世纪某个时期，当时政府曾剥夺其不满的政治活动人士的公民身份。特朗普总统在今年1月的一次采访中曾表示，索马里裔美国人可能会成为此次撤销入籍行动的目标之一。During the years when the government pursued denaturalization cases infrequently, it tended to go after people who had committed war crimes overseas before becoming Americans.在政府很少处理撤销入籍案件的年代，它往往针对的是那些在成为美国公民之前于海外犯下战争罪行的人。“This kind of mass denaturalization campaign will be based on a distortion of the law and is another transparent effort to destabilize long-established principles of US citizenship,” said Lucas Guttentag, a former DOJ official in the Biden administration and a professor at Stanford Law School. “Genuine fraud when it actually occurs has always been aggressively pursued.”斯坦福法学院教授、曾在拜登政府时期担任司法部官员的卢卡斯·古滕塔格表示：“这种大规模撤销入籍行动将建立在对法律的曲解之上，是破坏美国公民身份长期确立原则的又一次赤裸裸的尝试。”他还说：“真正发生的欺诈行为一直都会被严厉追究。”In recent months, the Trump administration has filed denaturalization cases against a broad range of immigrants. They include a Marine from Ghana who was court-martialed over a sex crime, an Argentine man accused of having obtained citizenship by falsely claiming to be Cuban and a Nigerian man convicted of running a tax-fraud scheme.最近几个月，特朗普政府已对各类移民提起了撤销入籍诉讼，其中包括一名因性犯罪接受军事法庭审判的加纳裔海军陆战队员、一名被指控通过谎称自己是古巴人而获得公民身份的阿根廷男子，以及一名因经营税务欺诈计划而被定罪的尼日利亚男子。Ernesto Londoño是时报驻明尼苏达州记者，主要报道中西部地区新闻以及毒品使用和禁毒政策。欢迎提供新闻线索，可通过Signal联系他：elondono.81。Hamed Aleaziz是时报记者，报道国土安全部和移民政策。翻译：杜然点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site