DAVID E. SANGER, TYLER PAGER2026年4月15日去年10月，特朗普总统在韩国与中国国家主席习近平会晤。两人将于下月再次会面。 Haiyun Jiang/The New York TimesWhen China declared on Monday that the U.S. blockade of Iranian oil leaving the Strait of Hormuz was “dangerous and irresponsible,” it was a brief window into President Trump’s latest challenge: how to keep the Iran conflict from upending an emerging détente with China.周一，中国公开表态称美国封锁伊朗石油经霍尔木兹海峡外运的行为“危险且不负责任”，这一言论短暂揭示了特朗普总统面临的最新挑战：如何防止美伊冲突破坏与中国之间正在形成的缓和态势。Mr. Trump is expected to land in Beijing in four weeks, in what was imagined as a carefully planned, highly orchestrated effort to recast the relationship between the world’s two largest economies.特朗普预计四周后抵达北京，此行原本被设想为一场精心策划、高度统筹的行程，旨在重塑全球两大经济体间的关系。The president has already delayed the trip once, and White House officials insist there is no discussion of putting it off again, even if the United States is still choking off Iranian oil exports. Ninety percent of those exports — more than 1.3 million barrels per day — were purchased by China before the American and Israeli attack began on Feb. 28.总统已推迟过一次访华行程，白宫官员坚称即便美国仍在切断伊朗石油出口，也不会再讨论推迟访华事宜。在2月28日美以发动袭击前，伊朗90%的石油出口——日均超130万桶——均由中国购买。At first the Chinese were relatively quiet about the military action, knowing that the shipments already at sea and an impressive stockpile of emergency reserves of oil would likely tide them through. They ignored Mr. Trump’s demand that China send warships to keep the strait open. They produced standard-issue calls for both sides to stand down.起初，中国对此次军事行动保持相对沉默，因为中方清楚海上已在途的油轮与充足的应急石油储备足以助其渡过难关。中方无视特朗普要求中国派遣军舰维护海峡畅通，仅按惯例呼吁双方保持克制。But once the blockade began on Monday, and facing the prospect that Chinese-flagged cargo ships, some manned by Chinese crews, could be turned away by the U.S. Navy, the tone shifted.但随着周一美国封锁正式启动，且悬挂中国国旗、部分由中国船员驾驶的货轮可能遭美军拦截的前景，中方的态度发生转变。China’s leader, Xi Jinping, made his first public comments on the war on Tuesday, saying that the world could not risk reverting “to the law of the jungle.” He never mentioned the United States or Mr. Trump. But he did not need to, adding during a meeting with the crown prince of Abu Dhabi that “maintaining the authority of international rule of law means not using it when it suits us and abandoning it when it doesn’t.”中国领导人习近平周二首次就这场战争公开发声，指出世界绝不能重回“丛林法则”。他未直接提及美国或特朗普，但在与阿布扎比王储会晤时补充道：“维护国际法治权威，不能‘合则用、不合则弃’。”It was a clear reference to Mr. Trump, who in January told The New York Times that “I don’t need international law,” adding, “I’m not looking to hurt people.” He made it clear that he would be the arbiter of when international legal constraints applied to his actions.这番言论明显是指特朗普，今年1月，特朗普曾对《纽约时报》表示“我不需要国际法”，并补充“我无意伤害他人”，他明确表示，自己将是判断国际法律约束是否适用于其行动的唯一裁决者。China’s foreign ministry, playing its accustomed role in signaling between Washington and Beijing, took a tougher line, accusing the United States of a “targeted blockade” that “will only aggravate confrontation, escalate tension, under the already fragile cease-fire, and further jeopardize safe passage thorough the Strait of Hormuz.”中国外交部扮演着中美间信号传递的惯常角色，该部门采取更强硬立场，指责美国实施“定向封锁”，称其“只会激化矛盾，加剧局势紧张，破坏本就脆弱的停火局面，并进一步冲击海峡通行安全”。For his part, Mr. Trump has largely refrained from uttering much criticism, even when it became clear last week that U.S. intelligence agencies had obtained information that China might have sent a shipment of shoulder-fired missiles to the Iranians, for use in the conflict. The intelligence was not definitive, and there is no evidence that Chinese missiles have been used against U.S. or Israeli forces.而特朗普本人基本未发表过多批评言论，即便上周有明确消息显示，美国情报机构获取信息称中国可能向伊朗运送一批肩扛式导弹用于冲突。该情报并非确凿证据，也无迹象表明中国导弹已被用于打击美以军队。“I doubt they would do that," Mr. Trump said. He quickly added that “if we catch them doing that, they get a 50 percent tariff,” employing his go-to threat against any country defying his will. But he has dropped the subject, perhaps recognizing that any threat of new tariffs could derail his hopes of announcing a trade deal, the lowest-hanging fruit in U.S.-China diplomacy.“我怀疑他们会这么做，”特朗普表示，随即补充说，“如果我们抓到他们这么做，就要对他们征收50%的关税”——这是他对抗拒其意志的国家惯用的威胁手段。但他此后未再提及此事，或许是意识到任何新的关税威胁都可能打乱他宣布达成贸易协议的计划，而这正是中美外交中最容易达成的成果。“President Trump has created the circumstance where two of his biggest goals are in direct conflict,” said Kurt Campbell, a former deputy secretary of state under President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and the chairman of the Asia Group, which he founded.“特朗普总统制造了一种局面，使他的两大核心目标直接冲突，”曾任拜登政府副国务卿的库尔特·坎贝尔指出，他现任由其创立的亚洲集团董事长。“One is to monitor and control all cargo coming through the strait, which includes China’s,” he said. “And the other is his desire for a manifestly positive visit to Beijing.”“一个目标是监控并管控经海峡的所有货物，包括中国船只；另一个则是希望对北京进行一次能取得明显积极成果的访问。”Mr. Trump’s ambassador to China, David Perdue, was in the Oval Office late on Tuesday, discussing the upcoming visit. National security officials said that before the Iran conflict broke out, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent had negotiated the outlines of economic initiatives the two countries would announce.周二晚些时候，特朗普的驻华大使庞德伟(David Perdue)现身椭圆形办公室，商讨即将到来的访华行程。国家安全官员表示，美伊冲突爆发前，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特已就两国即将宣布的经济举措框架进行了磋商。Far less progress has been made on the major security issues, according to U.S. officials, including how to talk about the future of Taiwan, or China’s fast-growing nuclear arsenal, or its military buildup in the South China Sea and the confrontations it has sparked with the Philippines.据美国官员透露，双方在重大安全议题上的进展要少得多，包括如何探讨台湾的未来、中国快速扩张的核武库，其在南海的军事扩张以及由此引发的与菲律宾的对峙。With a month to go before Mr. Trump lands in Beijing, it is still unclear how the two leaders will structure a conversation about the blockade — if it is still in force — or about the display of U.S. military power that began with the seizure of Nicolás Maduro of Venezuela, then proceeded with Mr. Trump’s attack on Iran.距离特朗普抵达北京还有一个月，目前仍不清楚若封锁仍在持续，两国领导人将如何安排相关对话，无论是关于封锁本身，还是始于抓捕委内瑞拉总统马杜罗、继而升级为特朗普袭击伊朗的美国军事力量展示。But there is considerable evidence the Chinese military is intently focused on how the United States pulled off both attacks. Chinese officials appear concerned about the speed at which the Iranian leadership was decapitated in the opening hours of the war.但大量迹象显示，中国军方正密切关注美国如何实施这两次军事打击。中国官员似乎对战争初期伊朗领导层被迅速斩首的速度感到担忧。“There is a lot of speculation about what can break the U.S.-China détente, and undermine the summit,” said Rush Doshi, an assistant professor at Georgetown University and former adviser to Mr. Biden on China. “It hasn’t been issues like A.I. chips, or even rare earths,” he added, referring to two areas of intense competition between the two nations. “But it could be Iran.”“关于什么因素可能打破中美缓和态势、破坏峰会，外界有诸多猜测，”乔治城大学助理教授、曾任拜登政府中国问题顾问的杜如松(Rush Doshi)表示。“并不是人工智能芯片、甚至稀土等议题，”他补充说，指的是中美两国竞争激烈的两个领域。“而是伊朗问题。”The blockade, Mr. Doshi said, could “create awkward dynamics” if there is a confrontation between the Navy and commercial Chinese ships, though both have seemed eager to avoid that. “And the second is reports that China is considering sending lethal assistance to help to Iran,” which senior congressional and intelligence officials appear to take seriously.杜如松称，若美军与中国商船发生对峙，封锁将“制造尴尬局面”，尽管双方似乎都极力避免这种情况。“第二个风险则是有关中国考虑向伊朗提供危险援助的报道”，美国国会与情报部门高级官员似乎对此高度重视。David E. Sanger报道特朗普政府和一系列国家安全问题。他在时报任职超过40年，著有四本关于美国国家安全挑战的书。Tyler Pager是《纽约时报》白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。