DAVID PIERSON, TUNG NGO2026年4月17日周三，中国领导人习近平在北京举行仪式欢迎越南国家主席苏林。习近平表示，捍卫共产党的执政地位是双方共同的战略利益。 Shen Hong/Xinhua, via Associated PressWith the United States and China vying for influence in Asia, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, is keen to show that Vietnam is in his corner on trade, political ideology and, increasingly, security.在美国与中国争夺亚洲影响力之际，中国领导人习近平极力想表明，越南在贸易、政治意识形态以及日益重要的安全领域站在中国一边。That was underscored this week when Mr. Xi met with Vietnam’s new leader, To Lam, in Beijing. Mr. Xi alluded to President Trump’s tariffs and the blockage of the Strait of Hormuz as reasons for China and Vietnam to ensure that trade flowed normally and their industrial supply chains were protected.本周，习近平在北京会见越南新任领导人苏林时，这一点得到了体现。习近平提到了特朗普总统的关税以及霍尔木兹海峡的封锁，以此作为中越需要确保贸易畅通、保护工业供应链的理由。He also appealed to the two nations’ shared kinship as single-party, communist states.他还以两国作为一党制共产主义国家的共同纽带来拉近彼此。“Defending the socialist system and the ruling position of the Communist Party is the greatest common strategic interest,” Mr. Xi told Mr. Lam on Wednesday.“捍卫社会主义制度和共产党执政地位，是中越两党最大的共同战略利益，”习近平周三对苏林表示。While both sides agreed to strengthen ties in tourism, education and railway infrastructure, it was their pledges to work more closely on security that may provide China with the greatest advantage over the United States in the rivalry for deeper inroads with Vietnam.虽然双方同意加强在旅游、教育和铁路基础设施方面的合作，但正是两国在安全领域加强合作的承诺，可能让中国在与美国争夺越南影响力的较量中占据最大优势As part of its diplomatic outreach, China has been pitching friendly countries its concept of global security, one that prioritizes regime protection above everything else. That has had purchase in Vietnam, which like China, has little tolerance for dissent and has remained repressive even as its economy has developed and opened up to the outside world.作为外交努力的一部分，中国正向友好国家推广它的全球安全倡议，该倡议将政权安全置于首位。这在越南引起了共鸣——与中国类似，越南也容不得半点不同声音，即使在经济发展和对外开放的过程中，也始终保持着高压统治。Mr. Lam, a former security chief, recently secured Vietnam’s two most powerful posts, as Communist Party general secretary and the country’s president, an elevation that moves Vietnam closer to the strongman model of China, which Hanoi had long avoided. Even as Mr. Lam has pushed economic changes to unleash the private sector, he has given more power to the police, expanding their reach into business and surveillance.苏林曾任安全系统负责人，最近同时掌握了越南最具权力的两个职位——越共总书记和国家主席。这一地位的提升使越南更接近中国那种强人治理模式，而河内长期以来一直试图避免走上这条道路。尽管苏林推动了经济改革以释放私营部门活力，但他也赋予了警方更大权力，将其触角扩展到商业领域和监控体系之中。A day before Mr. Xi and Mr. Lam met, the two countries held a meeting in Beijing of senior security officials that included Gen. Luong Tam Quang, the head of Vietnam’s public security ministry; Chen Wenqing, China’s top security official and a Politburo member; Wang Xiaohong, the head of China’s domestic security agency; and Chen Yixin, China’s spy chief.在习近平与苏林会晤前一天，两国在北京举行了一场高级安全官员会议，与会者包括越南公安部部长梁三光，中国最高安全官员、政治局委员陈文清，中国国内安全机构负责人王小洪，以及中国的情报部门负责人陈一新。Chinese and Vietnamese state media said the two sides agreed to boost cooperation in safeguarding “political security.” No details were provided, but in China, this term has become synonymous with a massive surveillance apparatus used to root out activists, rights lawyers and dissidents, while quashing online criticism and protests against the government.中越两国官方媒体称，双方同意加强在维护“政治安全”方面的合作。尽管未披露具体细节，但在中国，这个词已成为大规模监控体系的代名词，用于铲除活动人士、维权律师和异见人士，同时压制网络批评和针对政府的抗议活动。The two countries also said they would work together more closely to combat transnational crime such as online gambling and online fraud.两国还表示，将更紧密地合作打击网络赌博、网络诈骗等跨国犯罪。Sheena Chestnut Greitens, a political scientist at the University of Texas at Austin who studies China’s global security initiatives, said China’s Ministry of Public Security has more cooperation agreements with Vietnam than with any other country. She said it was also especially rare for Chinese state media to acknowledge the spy chief’s participation in a security partnership with another country.得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校研究中国全球安全倡议的政治学家陈喜娜(Sheena Chestnut Greitens)表示，中国公安部与越南签订的安全合作协议比与其他任何国家都多。她还指出，中国官方媒体公开提及情报机构负责人参与与他国的安全合作也极为罕见。“The density and seniority of security interactions between China and Vietnam is really striking,” she said. “Nothing in U.S. efforts to build defense cooperation with Vietnam comes close to matching this combination of frequency and seniority.”“中越之间就安全问题进行互动的密度和级别都非常惊人，”她说。“美国在与越南建立防务合作方面所做的努力，无论在频率还是级别上，都无法与之相比。”Mr. Lam’s visit was his first foreign trip since consolidating power. Vietnam has long followed a tradition in which its top leader chooses Beijing for his first foreign trip, a gesture meant to underscore political ties and a relationship both sides often describe as “both comrades and brothers” between countries under Communist Party rule.苏林此次访问是他巩固权力后的首次出访。越南长期遵循一项传统：其最高领导人选择北京作为首次外访的目的地，这一姿态旨在强调政治关系，并体现双方常用“同志加兄弟”来形容的、同属共产党执政国家的关系。Vietnamese officials said the visit was meant to open a new chapter in ties with China, deepening strategic coordination at a time of intensifying competition between Beijing and Washington.越南官员表示，此次访问旨在开启越中关系的新篇章，在北京与华盛顿竞争日益激烈之际深化战略协调。For Hanoi, the relationship has long been defined by both necessity and unease. Vietnam’s economy is far more closely tied to China’s than the reverse, leaving Hanoi deeply exposed to its giant neighbor.对河内而言，这一关系长期以来既是出于现实需要，也是由不安感定义的。越南经济对中国的依赖远高于中国对越南的依赖，使河内在面对这个庞大邻国时处于相对脆弱的地位。But the two sides have also been locked in disputes over the South China Sea. Last month, Vietnam’s Foreign Ministry criticized China’s resumption of island-building in reefs in the Paracels Islands off Vietnam’s coast.但双方在南海问题上也一直存在争端。上个月，越南外交部批评中国在越南海岸外的帕拉塞尔群岛（Paracel Islands，中国称为西沙群岛，越南称为黄沙群岛——译注）礁石上恢复填海造岛。Under Mr. Lam’s leadership, Vietnam is expected to continue its hedging strategy, seeking stable ties with China while balancing them with relations with other major powers, including the United States, another key economic and security partner.在苏林的领导下，预计越南将继续其对冲策略，一方面寻求与中国保持稳定关系，同时平衡好与包括美国在内的其他大国的关系。美国是越南另一个关键的经济与安全伙伴。Mr. Lam, in his meeting with Mr. Xi, proposed that both sides should “strengthen political trust and strategic coordination at a new level,” according to an official Vietnamese summary of the talks.根据越方官方的会谈纪要，苏林在会见习近平时提出，双方应“在新的高度上加强政治互信和战略协调”。He also sought to signal a more self-assured Vietnamese posture toward Beijing, saying that in areas of disagreement, they should “genuinely respect each other’s legitimate rights and interests,” according to the summary.他还试图展现越南在对华关系中的更强自信，表示在存在分歧的领域，双方应“尊重彼此的正当合法权益”。David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。他从事新闻工作已超过20年。Tung Ngo是《纽约时报》记者/研究员，常驻越南河内。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。