':"";if(a){var r=n.promos.showYahooLogo?"":"yns-no-logo";a=a.replace("{notifOnboardBtnLabel}",n.promos.notifOnboardBtnLabel).replace("{notifOnboardMsg}",n.promos.notifOnboardMsg).replace("{subscriptionTopic}",n.promos.subscriptionTopic).replace("{noLogoClass}",r).replace("{promoLogo}",n.promos.promoLogo)}var s=t.newCount>n.panel.maxCount?t.newCount:"",c=n.panel.notificationCenterPath,l=c?"":R,u=n.panel.headerMsg?"":" "+R,d=c?H:"",p=void 0;t.count?p=t.markup:p='{emptyPanelMsg}'.replace("{emptyPanelMsg}",n.panel.emptyPanelMsg);return e=e.replace("{notifMarkup}",p).replace("{promoMarkup}",a).replace("{hideClass}",l).replace("{notifCenterLink}",c).replace("{paddingClass}",d).replace("{headerMsg}",n.panel.headerMsg).replace("{hideHeaderClass}",u).replace(/{notificationCenterNavMsg}/g,n.panel.notificationCenterNavMsg).replace(/{newCount}/g,s)}},{key:"render",value:function(e,t){var n=this;if(n._panelNode){var o=void 0,i=n._panelNode,a=void 0,r=void 0;switch(e){case"expanded_panel":o='{promoMarkup}{notifMarkup}',r=n._store.getNotifications(),a=n._generatePanelMarkup(o,r),i.innerHTML=a;break;case"error_panel":a=(o='{errorMsg}').replace("{errorMsg}",n._config.panel.errorMsg),i.innerHTML=a}t&&t()}else t&&t(new Error("No panel parent"))}},{key:"createPanelParentNode",value:function(e){e&&(e.innerHTML='',this._panelNode=document.getElementById(P))}},{key:"updateBadgeNode",value:function(e){if(e){var t=this._store.getNotifications().newCount,n=this._config.badge.maxCount;if(t){var o=t>n?n+"+":t;e.innerHTML=o}else e.innerHTML=""}}},{key:"addStyles",value:function(e){if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof window){var t=document.getElementById(this._config.panel.styleTagId);t||((t=document.createElement("style")).type="text/css",t.id=this._config.panel.styleTagId,t.innerText=e,document.head.appendChild(t))}}}]),e}(),j=function(){function e(t,n,o){E(this,e);var i=this;i._store=n,i._view=o,i._config=t;var a=i._config.panel;i._panelParentNode=document.querySelector(a.parentSelector),i._badgeNode=i._config.badge.selector&&document.querySelector(i._config.badge.selector),i._indicatorNode=a.indicatorSelector&&document.querySelector(a.indicatorSelector)}return k(e,[{key:"createPanelParentNode",value:function(){this._view.createPanelParentNode(this._panelParentNode),this._notifPanelNode=document.getElementById(P)}},{key:"refreshPanelNode",value:function(e,t){var n=this;x(n._notifPanelNode,D),n._store.fetchNotifications(e,(function(e,o){var i=window.wafer&&window.wafer.base;i&&i.destroy(n._notifPanelNode),e?n._notifPanelNode.innerHTML||(n._view.render("error_panel"),x(n._notifPanelNode,D)):(n._view.render("expanded_panel"),n._view.updateBadgeNode(n._badgeNode),n._showBadge(),n._showIndicator(),n._view.addStyles(o.css)),N(n._notifPanelNode,D),i&&i.sync(n._notifPanelNode.parentNode),t&&t(e,o)}))}},{key:"resetBadge",value:function(){var e=this;e._store.resetNewCount(),e._view.updateBadgeNode(e._badgeNode),x(e._badgeNode,e._config.badge.hideClass)}},{key:"_showIndicator",value:function(){this._indicatorNode&&(this._store.getNotifications().newCount?x(this._indicatorNode,this._config.panel.indicatorClass):N(this._indicatorNode,this._config.panel.indicatorClass))}},{key:"_showBadge",value:function(){var e=this;e._store.getNotifications().newCount?N(e._badgeNode,e._config.badge.hideClass):x(e._badgeNode,e._config.badge.hideClass)}}]),e}(),Y={promos:{eligibleBodyClass:"display-push-promos",enableNotifOnboard:!0,bypassEligibleClassCheck:!1,notifOnboardBtnLabel:"Notify Me",notifOnboardMsg:"Get alerts for breaking news and top stories",promoLogo:"https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/ae/news/circle_bell.png",showYahooLogo:!0,subscriptionTopic:"gondor_homerun_news"},badge:{hideClass:"",maxCount:5,selector:""},panel:{emptyPanelMsg:"You have no new notifications.",errorMsg:"",headerMsg:"Notifications",imageTag:"img:40x40|2|80",indicatorClass:"yns-indicator",indicatorSelector:null,maxCount:6,notificationCenterNavMsg:"View all {newCount} notifications",notificationCenterPath:"",notificationTypes:"",parentSelector:null,styleTagId:"notificationStyles",theme:"default"},service:{attemptCount:1,attemptDelay:2,url:null,resetUrl:null,isRMP:!1,responseType:"json",timeout:1500}},F={NotificationClient:function(){function e(t){E(this,e);var n=this;n.config=n._parseConfig(t),n._validateRequiredConfigs()&&(n._request=new S(n.config),n._store=new B(n.config,n._request),n._view=new U(n.config,n._store),n._panelController=new j(n.config,n._store,n._view),n._panelController.createPanelParentNode(),n._assignHelperMethods())}return k(e,[{key:"_parseConfig",value:function(e){var t={};for(var n in I(t,Y),t)if(t.hasOwnProperty(n)){var o=t[n],i=e[n];"object"===(void 0===o?"undefined":L(o))?I(o,i):t[n]=e[n]}return t}},{key:"_validateRequiredConfigs",value:function(){var e=this.config;return!(!e.panel.parentSelector||!e.service.url)}},{key:"_assignHelperMethods",value:function(){var e=this;e.helpers={refreshPanelNode:e._panelController.refreshPanelNode.bind(e._panelController),resetBadge:e._panelController.resetBadge.bind(e._panelController),resetIndicator:function(){N(e._panelController._indicatorNode,e.config.panel.indicatorClass)}}}}]),e}()},z="lnct",W=function(){function e(){var e,t;this.personalized=!1,this.ybarElem=document.getElementById("ybar"),this.partnerClasses=null===(t=null===(e=this.ybarElem)||void 0===e?void 0:e.className)||void 0===t?void 0:t.match(/ybar-variant-([a-z]*)/),this.client=new F.NotificationClient(this.getConfig())}return e.prototype.refreshPanel=function(){var e,t,n,o=this,i={lastUpdate:this.getTimeStamp()||this.setTimeStamp(),loadInHpViewer:!0,includePersonalized:this.personalized},a=(null===(e=window.YAHOO)||void 0===e?void 0:e.context)||(null===(t=window.Af)||void 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Date).getTime()/1e3);return null===(e=window.localStorage)||void 0===e||e.setItem(z,t),t},e}(),G=new W,K=function(){return G},J="",V=[],$=function(){},X=function(){window.removeEventListener("beforeunload",X),""!==J&&l("Rapid not found on page",new Error(J))},Z=null,Q=function(){return null===Z&&(Z=document.getElementById("ybar")),Z},ee=function(){var e=0,t=window.YAHOO;if(T)return T;if(t)if(t.i13n)if(t.i13n.__RAPID_INSTANCES__)if(t.i13n.__RAPID_INSTANCES__.length0)for(var n=0;n0){if(T.addModules(i,!1,o),V.length>0)for(e=0;e40959)&&(i19903)&&(i55215))return!1}return!0},ve={navBeaconFired:!1},ye=["ready","navigation"],he=function(){function e(e){var t=this;this.triggerEvent=s,this.addEventListener=c,this.logError=l,this.logPerformance=u,this.getConfig=d,this.getPerformanceMetrics=p,this.rapidRefresh=ne,this.state=m({},ve),this.modules=e,this.userEmail="",window.YBAR&&(ye.forEach((function(e){var n="on".concat(e),o=window.YBAR[n];o&&(t[n]=o)})),window.YBAR.wssid&&(this.wssid=window.YBAR.wssid),window.YBAR.appid&&(this.appid=window.YBAR.appid)),ye.forEach((function(e){var n="on".concat(e);c(e,(function(){for(var o,i=[],a=0;a0){if(o&&i){var n=t>99;o.classList.add("".concat(At)),i.classList.add("count-loaded"),o.textContent=n?"99+":t+"",n?o.classList.add("".concat(Ct)):t>=10&&o.classList.add("".concat(St))}e.onDestroy((function(){o&&(o.textContent="")}))}})).catch((function(){}))}(e,s)}));var Ut="_yb_1e46uhr",jt=function(e,t){var n;t.logoImages&&(n=t.logoImages).length>0&&Array.prototype.forEach.call(n,(function(e){e.onerror=function(){e.onerror=null,e.style.display="none"}})),t.wrapper&&(function(e,t){e&&(xe("#ybar-logo","#ybar-logo",t),t.onDestroy((function(){e.classList.remove("ybar-show-outline"),e.classList.remove("ybar-hide-outline")})))}(t.wrapper,e),function(e,t){t&&e.addElementListener(t,"click",(function(){e.triggerEvent("logo-click")}))}(e,t.wrapper))};ge("ybar-mod-logo",(function(e){var t={wrapper:document.getElementById("ybar-logo"),logoImages:document.querySelectorAll(".".concat(Ut))};jt(e,t)}));var Yt={"dropdown-open":"_yb_1qr55t8","merchant-is-selected":"_yb_hpfgev",overlay:"_yb_1t4opbo","selected-merchant-clear-button":"_yb_sdzekv","shops-buttons":"_yb_1gmhi8h","styled-select":"_yb_1fed2vs",tooltip:"_yb_156j5sr","tooltip--show":"_yb_t94u7s",tooltip__text:"_yb_149d3c6",tooltip__voice:"_yb_rkldcd",tooltip__web:"_yb_1bze76z",dark:"_yb_of9a42",darker:"_yb_1br2rz9",light:"_yb_p0373k","search-border-gradient":"_yb_109k2ga","search-border-gradient-hover":"_yb_vljmzl",midnight60:"_yb_1o792pg","search-input-uh3-hover":"_yb_15ox84z","search-input-uh3-focus-visible":"_yb_1e6541m","sa-btn-bar":"_yb_1axm66t","searchbox-icon-uh3":"_yb_1uef33k",empty:"_yb_owcm9n"},Ft=function(e,t){var n=Math.max(e,t),o=Math.min(e,t),i=Math.abs(n-o);return b([],h(new Array(i+1)),!1).map((function(e,t){return o+t}))},zt=function(e,t,n){var o=e.getConfig().bucketConfig,i=(void 0===o?{}:o).enable_search_ui,a=void 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n=e.getConfig();"smartphone"===n.device&&("finance"===n.property&&"crunch"===n.ytheme&&e.addElementListener(t.searchInput,"click",(function(){var n,o;n="search_input_focus_click",null!==(o=re())&&(oe[n]||(oe[n]=o)),e.addElementListener(t.searchForm,"click",(function(){if(t.ybar){if(t.ybar.classList.contains("ybar-searchbox-assist-fullscreen"))return;t.ybar.classList.add("ybar-searchbox-assist-fullscreen"),t.ybar.classList.add("ybar-searchbox-assist-fadein")}if(!document.documentElement.classList.contains("ybar-overlay")){document.documentElement.classList.toggle("ybar-overlay"),document.body.classList.add("ybar-overlay-noscroll");te("ybar","websrch","",{elm:"expand",subsec:"searchbox",itc:"1"})}}))})),e.addElementListener(t.searchBoxPlaceholder,"click",(function(){zt(e,t)})),e.addElementListener(t.searchBoxPlaceholder,"keydown",(function(n){var o=n,i=o.keyCode,a=o.key,r=Ft(65,90),s=b(b([],h(Ft(58,57)),!1),h(Ft(96,105)),!1),c=b(b([],h(r),!1),h(s),!1).includes(i);(32===i||13===i||c)&&(n.preventDefault(),n.stopPropagation(),zt(e,t,c?a:""))})),t.searchBoxBackButton&&(e.addElementListener(t.searchBoxBackButton,"click",(function(e){e.stopPropagation(),window.YAHOO&&window.YAHOO.SA&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0]&&(window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.resetQuery(),window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.hide()),Wt(t);te("ybar","back-close-srch","",{elm:"btn",subsec:"searchbox",itc:"1"})})),e.addElementListener(t.searchInput,"keyup",(function(e){e.stopPropagation();27===e.keyCode&&(e.stopPropagation(),Wt(t))}))),e.addEventListener("viewerClosed",(function(){Wt(t)})),e.onDestroy((function(){Wt(t)})))},Kt=function(){function e(e,t,n){t&&(this.ybar=e,this.elem=t,this.options=n,this.show=this.show.bind(this),this.hide=this.hide.bind(this),this.addEventListeners())}return Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"tooltip",{get:function(){var e=this;return this.tooltipMarkup||(this.tooltipMarkup=this.createTooltip(),(this.options.tooltipParentElm||this.elem).appendChild(this.tooltipMarkup),this.ybar.onDestroy((function(){var t,n;null===(n=null===(t=e.tooltipMarkup)||void 0===t?void 0:t.parentNode)||void 0===n||n.removeChild(e.tooltipMarkup)}))),this.tooltipMarkup},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),e.prototype.show=function(){this.tooltip.classList.add(this.options.showClass)},e.prototype.hide=function(){this.tooltip.classList.remove(this.options.showClass)},e.prototype.addEventListeners=function(){this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"mouseenter",this.show),this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"focus",this.show),this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"mouseleave",this.hide),this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"blur",this.hide)},e.prototype.createTooltip=function(){var e=document.createElement("div");e.className=this.options.containerClass||"";var t=document.createElement("p");return t.textContent=this.options.label,t.className=this.options.textClass||"",e.appendChild(t),e},e}(),Jt={containerClass:Yt.tooltip,textClass:Yt.tooltip__text,showClass:Yt["tooltip--show"]};ge("ybar-mod-searchbox",(function(e){var t,n=e.getConfig(),o={ybar:document.getElementById("ybar"),searchInput:document.getElementById("ybar-sbq"),buttonBar:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["sa-btn-bar"])),searchForm:document.getElementById("ybar-sf"),searchBoxIcon:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["searchbox-icon-uh3"])),searchBoxPlaceholder:document.getElementById("ybar-smartphone-searchbox-placeholder"),searchBoxBackButton:document.getElementById("ybar-search-back-btn"),shopsButtonsWrap:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["shops-buttons"])),categorySelect:document.getElementById("shops-category-select"),selectedMerchantInput:document.getElementById("selected-merchant-input"),selectedMerchantClearButton:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["selected-merchant-clear-button"])),submitSearchBtn:document.getElementById("ybar-search"),clearSearchBtn:document.getElementById("ybar-sbq-x"),searchGradientBorder:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient"]))};if(function(e,t){var n,o,i,a=e.getConfig();if(t.ybar&&["desktop","tablet"].includes(a.device)&&(null===(n=a.bucketConfig)||void 0===n?void 0:n.highlight_searchassist)&&(null===(o=a.bucketConfig)||void 0===o?void 0:o.overlay_class)){t.ybar.setAttribute("data-ovrly-bkt",a.bucketConfig.overlay_class),null===(i=t.searchForm)||void 0===i||i.classList.add(Yt[a.bucketConfig.overlay_class]);var r=document.createElement("div");r.classList.add(Yt.overlay,Yt[a.bucketConfig.overlay_class]),document.body.appendChild(r),e.onDestroy((function(){document.body.removeChild(r)})),e.addElementListener(t.searchForm,"focusout",(function(e){if(t.searchForm&&t.searchInput){var n=e.relatedTarget;n&&!t.searchForm.contains(n)&&window.YAHOO.SA&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0]&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.shown&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.hide()}}))}}(e,o),Gt(e,o),o.searchGradientBorder){var i=!1;o.searchInput.addEventListener("keydown",(function(e){var t=e.code,n=e.key,a=t.startsWith("Key"),r=t.startsWith("Digit"),s=/^[!@#$%^&*()_+\-=[\]{};':"\\|,./?`~]$/.test(n);(a||r||s)&&!i&&(o.searchGradientBorder.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"])),i=!0)})),e.addElementListener(o.searchForm,"mouseover",(function(){i||o.searchGradientBorder.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchForm,"mouseout",(function(){i||o.searchGradientBorder.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"click",(function(){i=!0})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"blur",(function(){o.searchGradientBorder.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"]))}))}o.searchForm&&(e.addElementListener(o.searchBoxIcon,"mouseover",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchBoxIcon,"mouseout",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.buttonBar,"mouseover",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.buttonBar,"mouseout",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"keyup",(function(e){"Tab"===e.key&&o.searchForm.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-focus-visible"])),o.searchInput.classList.toggle("".concat(Yt.empty),""===o.searchInput.value)})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"keydown",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-focus-visible"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"focusout",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-focus-visible"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.submitSearchBtn,"click",(function(e){""===o.searchInput.value.trim()&&e.preventDefault()})),e.addElementListener(o.clearSearchBtn,"click",(function(){o.searchInput.classList.add("".concat(Yt.empty))}))),o.submitSearchBtn&&"crunch"===n.ytheme&&new Kt(e,o.submitSearchBtn,m(m({},Jt),{label:null!==(t=n.i18n.root.SEARCH_TOOLTIP_WEB)&&void 0!==t?t:"Search the web",containerClass:"".concat(Yt.tooltip," ").concat(Yt.tooltip__web),tooltipParentElm:o.clearSearchBtn.parentElement}))}));var Vt="_yb_tdk4ba",$t="_yb_hkd17a",Xt="_yb_rtzclf",Zt="_yb_tdbhj6",Qt="_yb_de52ef",en="_yb_9hwrey",tn="_yb_slc8ta",nn="_yb_bf0svp",on="_yb_hjic9z";ge("ybar-mod-adaptivenav",(function(e){var t=document.querySelector("#ybar-l1-more-menu ul"),n={moreDropDown:document.querySelector(".".concat(Vt)),moreBtn:document.querySelector(".".concat($t)),wrap:document.querySelector(".".concat(Zt)),moreSectionTitle:document.querySelectorAll(".".concat(Qt)),editionsCtaBtn:document.querySelector(".".concat(en)),editionsMenu:document.querySelector(".".concat(tn)),closeBtn:document.querySelector(".".concat(nn)),moreMenuDropDownHeight:t?"".concat(t.offsetHeight+48,"px"):"0"};new 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products, capital will keep moving earlier in the development value chain and the grid will gradually transition to a cleaner fuel mix. But soon enough, this “straight-line” version of that story started losing strength. COVID-era supply chain disruptions and the start of the U.S.-China economic decoupling across strategic industries exposed how fragile “just-in-time” global energy supply chains really were. Interest rates reset the cost of capital, changing what penciled out and what didn’t. Project development has become a riskier proposition. Reliability concerns around dispatchability and extreme events moved from theoretical to visible. The energy transition didn’t fizzle out but instead slowed down and stopped being linear.COMMENTARYAs we reach year-end 2025, the narrative of the U.S. power sector has shifted drastically. Power is no longer just one chapter of the energy transition; it has become a strategic constraint on nationwide economic growth. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven data center loads are now arriving fast and in clusters and require strict reliability. In that sense, this new race for “power for compute” resembles prior historic industrial and infrastructure turning points (e.g., the 19th century buildout of railroads, early 20th century mass electrification, the telecom network rollout) rather than the prior decade’s slow incremental load growth and thermal generation attrition. And because leadership in AI has significant geopolitical consequences, the electricity abundance needed to catalyze the new data center economy is now part of the great power competition between the U.S. and China. Data centers represent a once-in-a-century demand shock. Demand growth from U.S. data centers is hard to fathom. Data centers are expected to represent up to 12% of total U.S. electricity consumption by 2028 (up from ~4.4% in 2023). They are the key driver for forecasted 5.7% annual energy demand growth in the U.S. over the next five years (compared to a sluggish 0.2% annual average in the 2010s). The challenge is not just the absolute scale of growth, but the speed of incremental demand additions; each new data center can be akin to adding a large city’s electricity demand to the grid, often within just one to two years. This puts enormous pressure on power infrastructure. This pressure is often local before it is national: Pew Research notes extreme regional concentration already (e.g., data centers consuming more than 25% of Virginia’s electricity in recent years). This is why the AI load wave may feel like a national story but behaves operationally like a regional story. It shows up as a reliability and deliverability problem in specific places where power, fiber, land, incentives and workforce overlap. This is often not where interconnection is easiest. PEI expects that as premium locations are exhausted, data center demand will start moving to the next best alternative locations and will become more geographically spread in the mid-term. Tier II markets such as Austin-San Antonio in Texas, and Las Vegas-Reno in Nevada, are already displaying increased momentum, as well as rural locations like Louisiana and North Dakota. This is a “once-in-a-century” industrial demand shock: AI and data center growth is reshaping energy infrastructure in ways comparable to prior waves of large-scale infrastructure expansion and geostrategic races. Electricity is at the core of compute competitiveness because large-scale AI requires highly reliable baseload-like supply. The AI race turns electrons into a strategic input. AI’s role in demand means that the power sector is once again a national priority. As compute depends on electricity, U.S. AI competitiveness hinges on reliable electricity infrastructure to support data centers. Moreover, supply chains are no longer “just economics.” U.S. policy and trade enforcement have increasingly constrained reliance on certain China-linked energy inputs. The Department of Energy’s “Speed to Power” initiative is framed as a federal effort to accelerate large- scale generation and transmission development “to win the AI race.” This is a direct signal that electricity abundance is now being treated as a matter of global economic competitiveness and national security interest. This laser-focused federal action echoes the same catalysts behind prior large scale industrial buildout efforts in the U.S., supplementing private capital with strong policy directions and financial support. Global context matters as well. In 2024, China built more than 50 GW of thermal generation and 277 GW of utility-scale solar, according to government figures, versus the U.S. at ~2.5 GW thermal generation and ~40 GW solar, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). It is a sobering reminder that the ability to build power plants is itself a competitive advantage. This also demonstrates why, in the U.S., solar and storage will continue to be built out to the maximum feasible system capacity alongside thermal capacity—not because they solve reliability alone, but because they are among the fastest scalable sources of incremental energy in a build-constrained environment. If the power sector falls behind expectations of policymakers (i.e., if capacity deployment timelines remain incompatible with strategic AI load and reliability needs), federal support could plausibly increase accordingly. This could take many forms: expedited siting/permitting for large-scale resources, new approaches to transmission corridors and cost allocation or federal coordination around “national priority” projects. From cheap MWh to deliverable firm power: how AI demand is repricing reliability. Rapid improvements in wind and solar technology; supported by state and federal incentives drove a surge in intermittent generation, with solar levelized cost of energy (LCOE) falling by roughly 85% between 2010 and 2019. Grid operators were able to integrate this capacity largely because many markets still had significant thermal oversupply and anemic demand growth, allowing renewable growth and plant retirements to occur without immediate reliability pressures. Two key structural changes collided to shift the narrative: 1) Demand is back, and it is concentrated. Data center and AI loads are large and often need to locate near power, fiber networks, metro areas and talent. This demand is less sensitive to power prices as long as reliability needs are met. The result is localized scarcity: at certain nodes, the system doesn’t need more “clean annual MWh” as much as it needs more deliverable capacity. 2) There is scarcity of available firm power. Offtakers increasingly want firmness, not just energy attributes. They want firm service (based on location, shape of load and availability) because downtime and curtailment risk are existential to large AI workloads (resulting in the industry- standard 99.999% uptime requirement). This does not mean that offtakers are walking away from their prior environmental commitments, but rather that their key priority has shifted pragmatically towards reliability. Of course, if reliability is assured, hyperscalers still prefer clean solutions. These factors are creating a market dominated by two main themes: At a national level, renewables continue to add needed lowest-cost marginal energy to the system; and, constrained grids create a premium for firm, deliverable power, where pricing reflects the scarcity of capacity that can show up when and where it is needed. In other words, there has been an investment logic shift away from just a “cheap energy” ideal (where the goal is to produce MWhs at the lowest LCOE) to a “deliverability + firmness” ideal (where the goal is to provide assured service with MWhs delivered with high probability, plus the capacity attributes that keep the system stable). In this world, firmness is repriced, and the market is creating “reliability as a product.” One of the clearest signals of this regime change is the widening gap between what consensus market forward price curves imply for energy, and what large-load buyers are willing to pay for firm, long-dated, deliverable supply. One telling example is Vistra’s recent announcement of a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with a large investment-grade counterparty for up to 1,200 MW of its Texas-based Comanche Peak nuclear plant. The implied PPA pricing was ~$90–$100/MWh, with PEI analysis backing into an implied reliability/capacity value of roughly ~$24/kW-month (~$790/MW-day). This is a clear expression of how valuable reliable capacity has become in ERCOT. The Comanche Peak deal suggests that forward forecasts and markets may not fully capture the gravity of inadequate reliable supply over the long run. This is what firm clean power looks like when it moves from aspiration to contracting reality, driven by price insensitive large-scale demand from data centers. The new power sector bottleneck is not capital, but execution: interconnection, equipment, and build-out rate. There is roughly ~2 TW of utility-scale solar and BESS projects in U.S. interconnection queues, according to published information. The U.S. built roughly ~40 GW utility-scale solar and ~10 GW utility-scale BESS in 2024, implying only ~2% of queued capacity gets built annually, according to EIA. The agency's expectations for 2025 additions (~33 GW solar, ~18 GW storage) underline the same low throughput, which indicates structural constraints that are not related to project pipelines or capital. Equipment lead times for projects are now a key input in strategy, not just a procurement detail. Transformers are emblematic of this deep shift. Lead times for generation step-up transformers have been documented at ~143 weeks in 2025, and large transformer lead times are widely reported as stretching into multi-year territory. These dynamics suggest that next decade’s winners will not only be those with low cost of capital. Winners will be those with streamlined execution platforms who can seamlessly manage and integrate land, permits, queue position, contracting and construction resources, with the capacity and know-how to build generation where and when needed by data centers. What the next decade will look like for the U.S. power sector. Near-term (2026–2030): “Speed to power” is the name of the game. When capacity demand timelines compress, the system reaches for what can be delivered most rapidly, regardless of technology type:Terms and Privacy PolicyPrivacy & Cookie SettingsMore InfoS&P Futures6,922.25 +29.75 (+0.43%)Dow Futures48,449.00 +113.00 (+0.23%)Nasdaq Futures25,626.00 +169.25 (+0.66%)Russell 2000 Futures2,508.50 +10.50 (+0.42%)VIX14.95 0.00 (0.00%)Gold4,385.30 +44.20 (+1.02%)Trending tickersBTC-USD Bitcoin USD 88,581.78 +1,034.37 (+1.18%)BIDU Baidu, Inc. 130.66 -1.72 (-1.30%)ETH-USD Ethereum USD 3,009.66 +34.67 (+1.17%)TSLA Tesla, Inc. 449.72 -4.52 (-1.00%)XRP-USD XRP USD 1.87 +0.04 (+2.23%)PortfolioSign in to access your portfolioSign inTop gainersAXSM Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. 182.64 +33.85 (+22.75%)PSNY Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC 21.37 +1.88 (+9.65%)ONDS Ondas Holdings Inc. 9.76 +0.77 (+8.57%)DJT Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. 13.24 +0.67 (+5.33%)PBF PBF Energy Inc. 27.12 +1.08 (+4.15%)Top losersCORT Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated 34.80 -35.40 (-50.42%)QXO QXO, Inc. 19.29 -1.75 (-8.32%)RGC Regencell Bioscience Holdings Limited 21.00 -1.90 (-8.30%)NIO NIO Inc. 5.10 -0.40 (-7.27%)PSLV Sprott Physical Silver Trust 23.65 -1.57 (-6.23%)Most activeONDS Ondas Holdings Inc. 9.76 +0.77 (+8.57%)NVDA NVIDIA Corporation 186.50 -1.04 (-0.55%)PLUG Plug Power Inc. 1.9700 +0.0350 (+1.81%)NIO NIO Inc. 5.10 -0.40 (-7.27%)TSLA Tesla, Inc. 449.72 -4.52 (-1.00%)Top economic eventsEarnings eventsMy earnings eventsEarnings events