TRIPP MICKLE, ANA SWANSON2025年12月9日特朗普政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达的H200芯片，同时限制该公司最新芯片Blackwell的销售。 Eric Lee for The New York TimesPresident Trump said Monday that his administration had granted Nvidia permission to begin selling its second-most-powerful chip to China, a big step up from what the artificial intelligence chip maker had been allowed to offer to Beijing.周一，特朗普总统表示，他的政府已批准英伟达向中国出售该公司第二先进的芯片，令这家芯片巨头获准对华出口的产品实现了大幅性能提升。The administration had spent months wrestling with whether it was comfortable relaxing its policy on sales of a critical A.I. technology that has the potential to help China militarily and economically.美国政府数月来一直在权衡是否要放宽对这项关键人工智能技术的对华销售政策，该技术有可能在军事和经济层面为中国提供助力。In a social media post, Mr. Trump said the Commerce Department was finishing the details and would make similar opportunities available to other chip makers like Advanced Micro Devices and Intel. The president said a portion of the chip revenue would go to the U.S. government, a proposition that experts say could violate U.S. law.特朗普在社交媒体上发文称，商务部正在敲定相关细节，并将为AMD、英特尔等其他芯片制造商提供类似出口机会。他还表示，芯片销售收入的一部分将归美国政府所有，专家指出，这一提议可能违反美国法律。The decision is a major win for Jensen Huang. Nvidia’s chief executive, who spent months lobbying the White House to ease its export restrictions.这一决定对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋而言是重大胜利。他数月来一直游说白宫放宽出口限制。The move is also a departure for Mr. Trump, whose administration initially promised to restrict sales of A.I. chips to China. The early position had support across much of Washington, and a looser policy that has become clear in recent months has drawn bipartisan complaints from Congress.此举也与特朗普政府最初的立场相悖。其政府曾承诺限制人工智能芯片对华出口，这一早期立场在华盛顿获得广泛支持。近几个月来逐渐显现的宽松政策已引发国会两党的不满。Last week, six senators, including Pete Ricketts, a Republican from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would limit the sale of A.I. chips to China.上周，包括内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨、特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在内，六名参议员提出了一项限制人工智能芯片对华销售的法案。The administration’s shift followed a campaign by Mr. Huang and David Sacks, its A.I. and crypto czar, who have pushed back on national security concerns regarding A.I. chips. They have argued that increasing Nvidia’s sales to China would make Chinese companies dependent on its technology and give it more money to develop future generations of chips.这一政策转变源于黄仁勋与特朗普政府人工智能及加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯的游说。两人反驳了关于人工智能芯片的国家安全担忧，主张扩大英伟达对华销售将使中国企业依赖其技术，同时为英伟达带来更多资金用于研发下一代芯片。Mr. Huang met with Mr. Trump at the White House last week, and Mr. Trump praised the executive afterward, saying, “He’s done an amazing job.”黄仁勋上周在白宫与特朗普会面，特朗普随后称赞这位高管“做得非常出色”。John Rizzo, an Nvidia spokesman, said offering H200 chips to approved commercial customers that had been vetted by the Commerce Department would strike “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.”英伟达发言人约翰·里佐表示，向经商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，将实现“对美国极具价值的审慎平衡”。“We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high-paying jobs and manufacturing in America,” he added.“我们赞赏特朗普总统的决定，这让美国芯片产业得以参与竞争，支持美国的高薪就业岗位和制造业发展，”他还说。英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋游说特朗普政府放宽对华芯片销售限制。The approval of the chip sales was reported earlier by Semafor.芯片销售获批的消息此前由Semafor率先披露。Now the question is: Will China buy Nvidia’s latest offering? The administration wants to encourage Chinese companies to use Nvidia’s H200 chip, which it released last year, while limiting sales of the company’s latest generation of chips, known as Blackwell.如今的问题是：中国会购买吗？美国政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达去年推出的H200芯片，同时限制其最新一代Blackwell芯片的销售。In July, the Trump administration dropped its restrictions on sales of a chip called the H20, which Nvidia developed specifically for China. But Beijing discouraged companies from buying the chip, with administrators warning that it could have “backdoor security risks.”今年7月，特朗普政府取消了对H20芯片的对华销售限制，该芯片是英伟达专为中国市场研发的产品。但中国政府不鼓励企业购买这款芯片，有关部门警告称其可能存在“后门安全风险”。Nvidia could run into similar challenges when it begins selling the more powerful H200. After the first Trump administration and the Biden administration began limiting U.S. technology sales to China, Beijing increased its spending to become technologically self-reliant. Huawei, the country’s tech giant, has been improving its own A.I. chips.当英伟达开始销售性能更强的H200芯片时，可能会面临类似挑战。在第一届特朗普政府和拜登政府相继限制美国技术对华出口后，中国加大投入以实现技术自主。中国科技巨头华为一直在改进其自主研发的人工智能芯片。This summer, Mr. Trump proposed the idea of the government’s taking a cut of A.I. chip sales to China. On Monday, he reiterated that, writing that “$25% will be paid to the United States of America” — a 10-percentage-point increase from what the company previously agreed to pay the U.S. government.今年夏天，特朗普提出政府要从人工智能芯片对华销售收入中分成的想法。周一，他重申了这一主张，称“25%的收入交给美利坚合众国”——这比该公司此前同意向美国政府缴纳的比例提高了10个百分点。Government lawyers have been researching how to enact such a policy, given that U.S. law prohibits the charging of fees for export licenses. Mr. Huang said in a news conference in Washington in October that government officials were working on a new policy to collect the fees.鉴于美国法律禁止对出口许可证收取费用，政府律师一直在研究如何实施这一政策。黄仁勋10月在华盛顿的一场新闻发布会上表示，政府官员正在制定一项新政策以收取这笔费用。Neither U.S. nor Chinese officials have publicly acknowledged that the H200 chips were under discussion. But U.S. rules around the sale of technology to China have been a central issue in the countries’ relationship.美中两国官员均未公开承认正在讨论H200芯片的对华销售事宜，但美国对华技术销售相关规定一直是两国关系中的核心议题。After Mr. Trump imposed double-digit tariffs on Chinese exports in April, Beijing restricted exports of rare-earth minerals essential to a variety of industries. The countries tentatively agreed to walk back those restrictions this spring, but the truce fell apart after the United States announced new restrictions on Chinese technology companies. Chinese officials argued that those measures violated the spirit of their agreement.今年4月，特朗普对中国出口商品加征两位数关税后，中国限制了对多个行业至关重要的稀土矿物出口。两国于今年春季暂时同意撤销这些限制，但在美国宣布对中国科技企业实施新限制后，这一休战协议破裂。中国官员称，这些措施违背了双方协议的精神。At a meeting in South Korea in October, Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the leader of China, restored that truce, with the United States promising to keep tariffs low and Beijing to provide steady exports of rare earths and resume its purchases of American soybeans. The agreement was also widely believed to include a de facto U.S. freeze on any new technology restrictions.10月在韩国举行的会面中，特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平恢复了休战状态。美国承诺维持低关税，中国则保证稳定出口稀土并恢复购买美国大豆。外界普遍认为，该协议还包括美国事实上冻结新的技术限制措施。Since then, the countries have been working to keep the peace, and in a call with Mr. Xi in late November, Mr. Trump accepted an invitation to visit China in April. On Friday, Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, spoke with China’s vice premier about the steps the sides were taking to maintain the agreement.自那以后，两国一直致力于维护和平。11月底，特朗普在与习近平的通话中接受了4月访华的邀请。上周五，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔与中国副总理通话，讨论了双方为维护协议所采取的步骤。But others in Washington have been critical of the administration’s warmer stance toward China. In a letter last week, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, expressed concern over the potential sale of the H200 chip.但华盛顿的其他人士对政府温和的对华立场提出了批评。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦上周在一封信中，就H200芯片可能对华出售表达了担忧。“I urge you to stop ignoring the input of bipartisan members of Congress and your own experts in order to cut deals that trade away America’s national security,” she wrote.“我敦促你停止忽视国会两党议员和你自己的专家的意见，不要再为了达成交易而牺牲美国的国家安全，”她写道。Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。