Cloud bills are easy to measure. The operational costs that come with keeping cloud environments running are harder to account for. That’s anything from tooling to monitoring and the people who make it all run. These costs often exceed the amount listed in your cloud bill, especially once you begin adding cloud providers, decide to go regional or implement cloud bursting.Venture capitalists Andreessen Horowitz called this the “trillion dollar paradox.” While the cloud gives companies the agility they can’t live without, in the long run, it costs them. On-premises systems may seem cheaper, but they’re rigid. There’s no way around this paradox.Today, with the rise of distributed AI and edge workloads, this paradox is more present than ever: Everything is everywhere, and managing it all is expensive. This is where cloud bursting fits in.Enter the Hybrid CloudA hybrid cloud is when an on-premises data center operates alongside cloud resources. A hybrid setup is usually driven by a specific need. In many cases, data must be stored geographically in a specific location for compliance reasons. Other needs are cost savings, primarily to avoid egress costs.However, a hybrid setup reintroduces the challenges of a pre-cloud environment, where a company needs to maintain a supply chain for hardware, manage cooling systems and prepare a different disaster recovery plan, as an on-premises failure isn’t like a cloud provider going down.On-premises infrastructure is not an elastic solution for a company, which is why it might choose to combine its computing power and storage with the cloud.The cloud is there to provide the elasticity, absorbing spikes in demand, whether for AI experimentation or just because of peak usage of platforms or systems.Using this technique — bursting to the cloud when the load is high — takes advantage of the cloud’s elasticity and enables the company to avoid both overprovisioning (having more servers in the on-premises data center than needed) and outages (having fewer servers than required).In theory, that balance gives you the best of both worlds. In reality, most teams don’t trust their cloud bursting to work consistently. The issue isn’t the cloud; it’s the tooling beneath it. It’s the same for anything, really, that’s related to environments. What seems simple on paper takes time and effort.The Real Barriers to Dynamic Hybrid ScalingWhen organizations try to scale between on premises and cloud, they run into three predictable walls:Tool and environment fragmentation: Each cloud and on-premises platform has its own language, pipeline and quirks. Connecting them turns into a brittle patchwork of scripts and Infrastructure as Code (IaC) modules.Application compatibility: The software that bursts to the cloud must be compatible with the managed services the cloud offers, as well as with its network topology and underlying hardware.Blind spots: Managing two different types of deployments across distinct environments requires a single pane of glass where configurations, logs and audits are centralized to support troubleshooting and data-driven decision-making.Cloud bursting fails not because it’s conceptually flawed, but because the orchestration layer requires too much human attention and breaks easily.It’s not just about not breaking anything or “don’t repeat yourself” (DRY) principles. It’s also about knowing that standards and compliance are taken care of.Here’s an example of what the traditional process looks like:The application team packages its services in containers such as Docker. The infrastructure team uses Terraform to provision the cloud environment, setting up Kubernetes (K8s) clusters and their associated Helm charts.A pipeline is designed to plan and apply the Terraform configuration during a burst event, while another pipeline runs the Helm charts, performs tests and deploys the application.At the moment of the burst, a human operator must define the burst target, configure cluster parameters and trigger the pipelines. Security scans and reviews are conducted to ensure compliance and to prevent the introduction of critical vulnerabilities.Uptime must be continuously monitored, and manual intervention may be required to revert or clean up the resources once the traffic spike has subsided.This means that each scaling event requires coordination between infrastructure, dev and security teams, every time.Why Infrastructure as Code Isn’t EnoughFor years, we’ve treated infrastructure automation as a coding problem. We created Terraform files, wrappers over wrappers and implemented GitOps. That mindset brought much-needed discipline but also created new friction. Every environment change starts with a code change; every scale-up requires a commit, a plan, an approval and a merge.If the codebase is not well-maintained, each merge may include unwanted commits, leading to cherry-picking, inconsistencies and hesitation during deployments.The process is not predictable, not fast, and it can break, too. It also requires a certain set of skills on the infrastructure side, many stakeholders, and it isn’t always there.It’s time for infrastructure automation and orchestration to evolve beyond code. Code-based workflows taught us structure, but they’ve also chained automation to syntax and human review cycles.Environment OrchestrationAn environment orchestration platform transforms IaC, configuration tools and scripts into reusable, versioned environment blueprints, also known as specs. This means that complex production-ready environments can be delivered with just one click, regardless of the underlying configuration, IaC and cloud.Blueprints standardize the way environments are built, deployed and maintained across clouds, teams and regions. Its directed acyclic graph (DAG)-driven execution engine orchestrates complex workflows in parallel, reducing deployment time while maintaining deterministic, auditable control over every change.It’s a higher-level approach that treats every environment — whether AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) or on premises — as part of a single operational model.In an orchestrated system:Dependencies are mapped, not implied. The orchestrator is responsible for keeping them in sync and alerting before something breaks.Blueprints replace manual one-off scripts. These are reusable and incorporate security and best practices.Workflows manage the different technologies used across the various layers of an environment — Terraform, Helm, Ansible and MySQL — all at once to quickly set up and achieve the desired outcome.Deployments include a time to live (TTL) and can be easily removed, ensuring that bursts remain temporary and preserving elasticity.Cost and governance controls are proactive, not reactive. Orchestration platforms enforce role-based access control (RBAC) approvals and spend ceilings before a single node spins up.The result: Instead of “bursting” through a pipeline of manual steps, organizations can scale dynamically and securely within established guardrails.It’s important to note that this approach also works well for agentic AI, since the blueprint approach gives agents the deterministic context they need to safely provision, scale and remediate cloud environments. Or, to rephrase with spec-driven development in mind, it gives agents what they need to work consistently and safely.This uses your current IaC investment as both a blueprint and a guardrail so that AI agents can easily deliver cloud environments as needed. This provides the standards and security required to let agents provision and maintain cloud infrastructure.From Automation to IntelligenceConsider a financial services firm that runs latency-sensitive transactions on premises but scales into public cloud when trading peaks, such as on Black Friday or Cyber Monday. In a traditional setup, scaling that workload means touching multiple Terraform repos, coordinating across security and DevOps teams, and hoping it all runs cleanly when it needs to.In an orchestrated model, the company defines that hybrid pattern once as a blueprint — when demand spikes, it’s executed automatically with policies and rollback baked in.Cloud bursting, in that sense, isn’t a niche tactic anymore. It’s a proving ground for how intelligent infrastructure management should work: governed, contextual and adaptive by design. Automation got us here. Orchestration will take us the rest of the way.The post To Wrangle Cloud Bursting Costs, Tools Need To Evolve appeared first on The New Stack.