黄安伟, ERIC SCHMITT2025年11月14日一架F-35战机在弗吉尼亚州诺福克海岸进行飞行表演，摄于上月。 Doug Mills/The New York TimesAs the Trump administration tries to finalize a deal to sell advanced F-35 fighter jets to Saudi Arabia, a Pentagon intelligence report has raised concerns that China could acquire the warplane’s technology if the sales go through, according to people familiar with the assessment.据知情人士透露，就在特朗普政府试图敲定向沙特阿拉伯出售F-35先进战斗机的协议之际，五角大楼一份情报评估报告提出了担忧：如果交易达成，中国有可能获得该战机技术。Pentagon officials who have studied the deal have expressed fears that F-35 technology could be compromised through Chinese espionage or China’s security partnership with Saudi Arabia, said the people, who have been briefed on the issues. Those risks were outlined in a broad report compiled by the Defense Intelligence Agency, a part of the Defense Department.了解相关简报的知情人士称，研究该交易的五角大楼官员担心，F-35技术可能通过中国的间谍活动或中沙安全合作途径遭到泄露。这些风险已列入国防部下属国防情报局编制的一份综合报告中。 The Trump administration and Saudi Arabia have been trying to work out the final elements of an agreement in which U.S. weapons manufacturers would sell 48 F-35 jets to Saudi Arabia for billions of dollars. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth was expected to approve the agreement, before it continued through an interagency review process, the people said.特朗普政府与沙特方面一直在就协议的最终细节进行谈判。根据该协议，美国武器制造商将向沙特出售48架F-35战机，价值数十亿美元。这些消息人士称，国防部长彼得·赫格塞预计将批准这项协议，然后进入跨部门审查流程。Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the de facto leader of Saudi Arabia, is expected to meet with President Trump at the White House on Tuesday. The top items on the agenda are the potential F-35 deal and a mutual defense agreement, U.S. officials said. Saudi Arabia is the biggest buyer of American weapons.沙特实际领导人、王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼预计将于周二在白宫与特朗普总统会晤。美国官员表示，会谈的重点议题包括这笔F-35交易以及一项双边防务协议。沙特是美国武器的最大买家。Prince Khalid bin Salman, the Saudi defense minister, wrote on social media on Tuesday that he had recently met with Mr. Hegseth, Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Steve Witkoff, Mr. Trump’s Middle East envoy. “We reviewed the Saudi-US relations and explored ways to bolster our strategic cooperation,” he said.沙特国防大臣哈立德·本·萨勒曼王子周二在社交媒体上表示，他最近会见了赫格塞特、国务卿鲁比奥及特朗普的中东特使史蒂夫·维特科夫。他说："我们回顾了沙美关系，并探讨了加强战略合作的途径。"The Defense Intelligence Agency declined to comment when asked about its report on the F-35 deal. The embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington did not reply to a request for comment.国防情报局被问及F-35交易报告时拒绝置评。沙特驻华盛顿大使馆未回应置评请求。 “We will not get ahead of the president on conversations that are occurring ahead of time,” the White House said in a statement.白宫在一份声明中表示：“对于尚未正式开始的会谈，我们不会提前代表总统发表看法。”Prince Mohammed and his aides have also been prodding the United States to move forward on talks to approve helping Saudi Arabia develop a civilian nuclear program, an effort that has prompted U.S. officials to discuss whether the kingdom could use that nuclear technology to try to develop a nuclear weapon.穆罕默德王储及其助手也在敦促美国推进关于批准协助沙特发展民用核项目的谈判，此举已引发美国官员对沙特可能利用这些核技术尝试研发核武器的讨论。 The Trump administration, like the Biden administration, has been trying to get Saudi Arabia to normalize relations with Israel. But that is unlikely to happen soon, given the high fatalities from the Israel-Hamas war and the Israeli government’s far-right policies toward Palestinians.与拜登政府一样，特朗普政府也一直试图推动沙特与以色列实现关系正常化。但鉴于以哈战争造成的大量伤亡以及以色列政府在巴勒斯坦问题上推行极右翼政策，这一目标短期内难以实现。In addition to the concerns over China acquiring F-35 technology, the proposed sales also raise questions about whether the U.S. government would be compromising Israel’s regional military advantage. Israel is the only country in the Middle East that has F-35 jets, and it used them for airstrikes in Iran in October 2024 and June 2025.除了对中国获取F-35技术的担忧外，拟议的军售案还引发了对美国政府是否将损害以色列在中东地区军事优势的质疑。以色列是该地区目前唯一拥有F-35战机的国家，曾于2024年10月和2025年6月使用该战机对伊朗实施空中打击。Since the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, U.S. policymakers have sought to ensure that Israel maintains its “qualitative military edge” in the region. In previous administrations, there was a highly classified, monthslong interagency process to review whether proposed weapons sales in the region would be consistent with that.自1973年阿以战争以来，美国的政策制定者始终致力于确保以色列在该地区维持“质量军事优势”。往届政府曾启动历时数月的跨部门高度机密审查程序，以评估拟议的地区武器销售是否符合这一原则。Congress says the United States must ensure that Israel can defeat “any credible conventional military threat” while sustaining “minimal damage and casualties.”国会明确要求，美国必须确保以色列能够击败"任何可信的常规军事威胁"，同时将“损伤和伤亡降至最低”。 In 2020, the first Trump administration agreed to sell F-35 jets to the United Arab Emirates as part of a deal to get that nation to normalize diplomatic relations with Israel in the Abraham Accords. Some U.S. officials objected to the sales because of the U.A.E.’s close partnership with China and because of concerns that Israel’s military advantage would be weakened.2020年，第一届特朗普政府曾经同意向阿联酋出售F-35战机，作为推动该国通过《亚伯拉罕协议》与以色列实现关系正常化的一部分。但由于阿联酋与中国关系密切，而且担忧以色列的军事优势遭到削弱，部分美国官员当时反对这笔军售。The Biden administration suspended the deal in early 2021 to review it, mainly out of fear that China could acquire the F-35 technology if the jets were in the U.A.E. The United States then gave the U.A.E. a list of demands, which included installing kill switches in the jets so that the U.S. government could render them inoperable if necessary. Emirati officials considered the demands too onerous, and the deal fizzled.拜登政府于2021年初暂停了这项交易并进行审查，主要是担心一旦F-35部署在阿联酋，中国可能获取其技术。美国随后向阿联酋提出了一系列要求，其中包括在战机上安装紧急开关，以便在必要时由美国政府远程禁用。阿联酋官员认为这些条件过于苛刻，最终导致交易流产。The same concerns have arisen with Saudi Arabia. U.S. officials are discussing whether to place safeguards on the F-35 technology, though it is unclear what would be enshrined in a sales agreement and what suggestions the Pentagon’s intelligence report lays out, if any.类似的担忧如今也出现在与沙特的军售谈判中。美国官员正在讨论是否应对F-35技术设置保护措施，但尚不清楚哪些措施会否写入军售协议，或国防情报局的报告中是否已提出具体建议。China and Saudi Arabia have some military ties. The Chinese military is helping Saudi Arabia build ballistic missiles and acquire more capable ones, as well as operate them. Democratic lawmakers described those concerns in a letter to President Joseph R. Biden Jr. in June 2022, before his first trip to the kingdom.中国与沙特存在一定军事合作。中国军方正协助沙特建造弹道导弹、获取更先进型号，并开展操作训练。民主党议员在2022年6月致拜登总统的信函中曾详述这些担忧，当时拜登正筹备其任内首次沙特之行。The Saudis had bought short-range ballistic missiles from China for years, and they recently began purchasing more capable Chinese missiles that can travel farther. They also started to acquire the technology to create their own components, set up production facilities and conduct test launches, with the apparent goal of being able to produce their own missiles, U.S. officials said.多年来，沙特一直从中国购买短程弹道导弹，而最近则开始采购射程更远、性能更强的导弹。美国官员表示，于此同时，沙特也开始获取制造导弹部件的技术，建立生产设施并进行试射，目标似乎是为了形成自主生产导弹的能力。Jeffrey Lewis, an arms control expert at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in Monterey, Calif., said in an interview that he had seen satellite images of a missile test site in Saudi Arabia that was a smaller version of a Chinese one.位于加州蒙特雷的米德尔伯里国际研究学院军控专家杰弗里·刘易斯在接受采访时表示，他看过沙特一个导弹试验场的卫星图像，与中国的一个试验场极为相似，只是规模较小。For Saudi Arabia, acquiring the F-35 — America’s premier fighter jet — would give its air force major advantages in stealth and would help its pilots assess a complex battle space in ways that its existing fighter fleet cannot, said Gareth Jennings, the aviation editor of Janes, the defense intelligence firm.防务情报公司简氏的航空编辑加雷斯·詹宁斯指出，对沙特而言，获取美国顶级战斗机F-35将使其空军在隐身性能方面获得重大优势，并能以现有战机无法比拟的方式帮助飞行员掌握复杂的战场态势。“In a nutshell, the F-35 represents the pinnacle of Western combat aviation in terms of both capabilities and prestige ‘bragging rights,’” he said.他说：“简而言之，F-35代表了西方战机的最高水平——无论在能力上还是在声望和‘炫耀资本’上。”The prowess of F-35s was on full display in Israel’s 12-day war with Iran in June. While the Israeli military has not described in detail the aircraft’s role in that conflict, the F-35’s ability to destroy some of Iran’s air defenses enabled older Israeli jets “to operate over Iran with virtual impunity, and was likely a massive contributory factor to Israel’s success in that operation,” Mr. Jennings said.F-35的强大性能在以色列今年6月与伊朗的那场为期12天的战争中得到了充分展现。虽然以色列军方尚未详细说明F-35在冲突中的具体作用，但詹宁斯指出，该战机摧毁了伊朗的部分防空系统，使得以色列的旧款战机“几乎可以毫无阻碍地在伊朗上空行动，这很可能是以色列在那次行动中取得成功的关键因素之一”。Mr. Trump has boasted of his deal-making with oil-rich Saudi Arabia, especially when it comes to weapons. When the American president traveled to the kingdom in May, the White House announced it had secured $600 billion in deals with the Saudi government and companies there. The biggest package was $142 billion in arms sales. But some of the commercial projects promoted by the administration were already in the works before Mr. Trump took office.特朗普一直以自己与石油大国沙特达成的交易引以为傲，尤其在军售领域。今年5月总统访问沙特期间，白宫宣布与沙特政府及当地企业达成了6000亿美元合作协议，其中最大的一笔是1420亿美元的军售合同。不过，白宫推动的一些商业项目实际上在特朗普上任之前就已经在筹备中。黄安伟(Edward Wong)为时报报道全球事务、美国外交政策和国务院新闻。Eric Schmitt是《纽约时报》国家安全记者，主要关注美军事务以及海外反恐议题，他报道此类新闻已超过30年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。