ALAN RAPPEPORT, ANA SWANSON2025年7月28日美国贸易代表格雷尔（左）与财政部长贝森特于5月在日内瓦与中国负责经济政策的副总理何立峰举行了贸易会谈。双方代表团将于本周在瑞典再次会面。 Martial Trezzini/Keystone, via ReutersTop officials from the Trump administration will meet with their Chinese counterparts in Sweden this week for their third formal round of economic talks since President Trump raised tariffs on Chinese imports to triple-digit levels this year. The primary goal is to extend a fragile trade truce that has prevented a devastating clash between the world’s largest economies.特朗普政府高级官员本周将在瑞典与中方官员举行会谈，这是自特朗普总统今年将中国进口商品关税提高至三位数水平以来双方举行的第三轮正式经济会谈。此次会谈的主要目标是延长一项脆弱的贸易休战协议，该协议避免了全球最大两个经济体之间发生破坏性冲突。The discussions are scheduled for Monday and Tuesday in Stockholm. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Jamieson Greer, the United States trade representative, are leading the U.S. delegation. He Lifeng, the vice premier for economic policy, has been leading the talks on behalf of China.会谈定于周一和周二在斯德哥尔摩举行。美国财政部长贝森特和美国贸易代表格里尔将率领美国代表团。中国方面由负责经济政策的副总理何立峰主导会谈。The negotiations come during a pivotal week for the global economy, which has been gripped by uncertainty as a result of Mr. Trump’s chaotic trade agenda. The Trump administration has been trying to win concessions from many countries before an Aug. 1 deadline for reimposing tariffs announced in April. Those levies were suspended in order to reach trade deals.在特朗普混乱的贸易议程引发全球经济不确定性之际，本周对全球经济而言至关重要，此次谈判正是在这样的背景下展开。特朗普政府一直试图在8月1日之前——该日期是4月宣布的重启关税措施的最后期限——争取到多个国家的让步。这些关税此前为达成贸易协议已经暂停。Over the last week, the Trump administration has announced deals with some of America’s biggest trading partners in quick succession.过去一周，特朗普政府接连宣布与美国一些最大的贸易伙伴达成协议。Last Tuesday, the United States and Japan finally agreed to a deal that included a 15 percent tariff on Japanese imports and a pledge from Japan to invest $550 billion in the United States.上周二，美国和日本最终达成一项协议，其中包括对日本进口商品征收15%的关税，以及日本承诺向美国投资5500亿美元。On Sunday, Mr. Trump announced that he had also reached a deal with the European Union, a 27-nation bloc whose economies rely on exports to the United States. The deal would put a 15 percent tariff on many European exports, including cars.周日，特朗普宣布他与欧盟达成了协议——欧盟是一个由27个国家组成的集团，其经济依赖对美出口。该协议将对包括汽车在内的许多欧洲出口商品征收15%的关税。But one of the biggest unknowns is what will happen with China, which remains one of America’s largest source of imports. After a tit-for-tat period of tariffs and retaliation, the two nations have come to something of an uneasy truce after talks in Geneva in May, and in London in June.但最大的未知数之一是与中国的谈判结果——中国仍是美国最大的进口来源国之一。在经历了一段相互加征关税和报复的时期后，两国于5月的日内瓦会谈和6月的伦敦会谈后达成了一项不稳定的休战协议。On Sunday, before he met with European officials, Mr. Trump implied that some kind of trade arrangement with China might be close at hand. “We just struck a deal with Japan as you know, and we’re very close to a deal with China,” he said.周日，在与欧洲官员会面之前，特朗普暗示可能即将与中国达成某种贸易安排。“如你们所知，我们刚刚与日本达成了协议，而且我们非常接近与中国达成协议，”他说。This will be the first meeting between the countries without an imminent crisis, like the tariff standoff or China’s economically crippling ban on rare earth exports this year.这将是两国首次在没有迫在眉睫的危机（如关税僵局或今年中国对稀土出口实施经济破坏性禁令）的情况下举行会谈。Trade experts said the list of potential topics for discussion was long, ranging from Mr. Trump’s push to get China to stop the flow of fentanyl to the United States, to America’s concerns about its purchases of Russian and Iranian oil, and recent exit bans that have prevented U.S. citizens from leaving China.贸易专家表示，潜在的讨论议题很多，从特朗普推动中国阻止芬太尼流入美国，到美国对中国购买俄罗斯和伊朗石油的担忧，以及近期阻止美国公民离开中国的出境禁令等。U.S. officials appear to be looking forward to more ambitious trade talks in the months to come. Those could include Chinese purchases of American products, steps to open the Chinese market and, potentially, Chinese investment in the United States.美国官员似乎期待在未来几个月进行更大的贸易谈判，可能包括中国购买美国产品、开放中国市场的步骤，以及潜在的中国对美投资。They are also likely seeking to lay the groundwork for a potential meeting between Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the Chinese leader, this year. Administration officials are considering a trip to Beijing before a meeting of Asian and Pacific countries in South Korea in October, or potentially connecting Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi on the sidelines of an international meeting.或许他们还将试图为特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平今年的一场可能的会面奠定基础。政府官员正在考虑在10月韩国举行的亚太国家会议之前访问北京，或者可能安排特朗普和习近平在某个国际会议期间进行非正式会面。Michael Pillsbury, a former government official who has advised the Trump administration on China, said this would be Mr. Trump’s sixth summit meeting with Mr. Xi. Each of those summits had a minimum of two hours of dialogue, and Mr. Trump went prepared with specific deal-making requests, he said.曾担任政府官员并就中国问题向特朗普政府提供建议的白邦瑞(Michael Pillsbury)表示，这将是特朗普与习近平的第六次峰会。他说，每次峰会至少有两小时的对话，特朗普都会准备具体的交易要求。“The president feels it’s better to deal face to face,” he said.“总统认为面对面谈判更好，”他说。Trade experts are also wondering whether U.S. technology controls or an agreement to transfer ownership of TikTok may be on the negotiating table.贸易专家还在猜测，美国的技术管制或TikTok的所有权转让协议是否会成为谈判议题。On CNBC on Thursday, Howard Lutnick, the secretary of commerce, said that the United States had submitted a proposal to China for transferring ownership of TikTok to American companies, and that the administration was waiting for the Chinese response. The topic was “not officially” part of the trade talks, he said, “but unofficially, of course.”上周四，商务部长卢特尼克在CNBC节目中表示，美国已向中国提交了将TikTok所有权转让给美国公司的提案，政府正在等待中国的回应。他说，这个话题“正式来说”不是贸易谈判的一部分，“但非正式地说，当然是。”Tensions between the United States and China started to spiral after Mr. Trump announced his “Liberation Day” tariffs in early April. China was the only country to immediately retaliate, matching Mr. Trump’s tariffs of 34 percent with 34 percent tariffs on American products.今年4月初，特朗普宣布“解放日”关税后，美中紧张关系开始急剧升级。中国是唯一一个立即采取报复措施的国家，对美国产品征收34%的关税，与特朗普对中国产品征收的34%关税对等。Beijing also set up a licensing system to restrict exports of seven rare earth elements that are processed almost exclusively in China and used in electric cars, smart bombs and other high-tech devices.北京还建立了许可制度，限制七种稀土元素的出口——这些稀土几乎完全在中国加工，用于电动汽车、智能炸弹和其他高科技设备。Mr. Trump then responded by ratcheting up tariffs on Chinese products to a minimum of 145 percent, which brought much of the trade between the countries to a halt.特朗普随后回应，将中国产品的关税提高到至少145%，这使得两国之间的大部分贸易陷入停滞。The previous rounds of negotiations secured a temporary truce that included China’s relaxing its restrictions on shipments of valuable rare earth minerals and magnets needed by U.S. manufacturers. In return, U.S. officials agreed to roll back limits on exports of U.S. products and technology, including ethane and airplane parts, as well as the proposed visa restrictions.前几轮谈判达成了一项临时休战协议，其中包括中国放宽对美国制造商所需的珍贵稀土矿物和磁体的运输限制。作为回报，美国官员同意取消对美国产品和技术出口的限制（包括乙烷和飞机零部件），以及拟议的签证限制。U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports were scaled back to 30 percent, while China has 10 percent tariffs on American products.美国对中国进口商品的关税已降至30%，而中国对美国产品的关税为10%。The truce is scheduled to expire on Aug. 12, after which tariffs would rise 10 percentage points. However, Mr. Bessent has been optimistic that the truce could be extended.这一协议定于8月12日到期，之后关税将提高10个百分点。不过，贝森特对延长休战协议持乐观态度。In an interview on the Fox Business Network last week, Mr. Bessent said that “trade is in a good place” with China. He added that he hoped to begin having broader discussions with his counterparts about rebalancing the Chinese economy and encouraging China to curb purchases of Russian and Iranian oil.上周，贝森特在福克斯商业新闻网的采访中表示，与中国的“贸易状况良好”。他还说，他希望开始与中国同级官员就重新平衡中国经济，以及鼓励中国遏制对俄罗斯和伊朗石油的购买进行更广泛的讨论。Mr. Bessent said China was in a manufacturing slump and faced a residential real estate market crisis. He argued Beijing must focus on building a consumer economy.贝森特说，中国正处于制造业衰退，面临住宅房地产市场危机。他认为，北京必须专注于发展消费型经济。“They can’t export their economic problems to the rest of the world, they need to solve them,” Mr. Bessent said.“他们不能把经济问题转嫁到世界其他地区，他们需要自己解决，”贝森特说。U.S. companies continue to have a rash of criticisms about doing business in China, including the country’s newly established rare earth licensing system. The processing time for licenses is long, American firms say, and China requests proprietary and sensitive business information as part of the applications.对于在中国开展业务，美国企业仍有诸多不满，包括中国新建立的稀土许可制度。美国公司表示，许可证的审批时间很长，而且中国在申请过程中要求提供专有和敏感的商业信息。In a survey released this month, members of the U.S.-China Business Council said strained relations and tariffs between the two countries remained their biggest concerns. But they also said Chinese policies favoring domestic companies were eroding confidence in doing business in the country.本月发布的一项调查显示，美中贸易全国委员会的成员表示，两国之间的紧张关系和关税仍是他们最大的担忧。但他们还表示，中国偏向本土企业的政策正在削弱在中国经营的信心。Alan Rappeport是时报驻华盛顿的经济政策记者。 他负责报道财政部并撰写有关税收、贸易和财政事务的文章。Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site