MEAGHAN TOBIN, XINYUN WU2025年8月1日英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋本月在中国庆祝公司重获对华销售某些人工智能算力芯片的许可。 Andy Wong/Associated PressChina’s internet regulator, the Cyberspace Administration of China, announced on Thursday that it had summoned Nvidia to explain security risks associated with one of its artificial intelligence chips developed for the Chinese market.中国互联网监管机构国家互联网信息办公室周四宣布，该机构约谈了英伟达公司，要求其解释专供中国的人工智能芯片存在的安全风险。The regulator said it had requested that Nvidia explain “backdoor security risks associated with its H20 computing chips sold to China and submit relevant supporting documentation,” citing information it said had been revealed by “U.S. artificial intelligence experts” that the company’s chips could be shut down remotely or used to track a user’s location.国家网信办称，已“要求英伟达公司就对华销售的H20算力芯片漏洞后门安全风险问题进行说明并提交相关证明材料”，该机构引用“美人工智能领域专家”透露的信息，称英伟达的芯片可能被远程关闭，或用来追踪用户的位置。The H20 has been at the center of the increasingly heated contest between the United States and China for primacy over artificial intelligence.H20芯片已成为中美两国日益激烈的人工智能主导权之争的焦点。Earlier this month, Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang, persuaded the Trump administration to lift an earlier ban on sales of the chip to China, in a remarkable reversal of a yearslong effort by officials in Washington to slow Beijing’s technological and military progress.本月早些时候，英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋说服了特朗普政府，解除了此前一项限制英伟达对华销售的禁令，这是华盛顿方面多年来为延缓中国的技术和军事进步所做努力的显著逆转。Mr. Huang met in recent weeks with senior officials in both Washington and Beijing, where he repeated his argument that American technology companies must do business in China to stay competitive.最近几周，黄仁勋分别与美国和中国的政府高级官员见面，并重申他的观点：美国的科技企业要想保持竞争力，需要在中国开展业务。黄仁勋在华盛顿今年7月的一次会议上与美国政府高级官员交谈。多年来，美国官员一直在努力减缓中国的技术和军事进展速度，包括限制中国获得英伟达的先进芯片。Former top officials in the administration of President Joseph R. Biden Jr. have warned that allowing Nvidia to sell the chips in China could set Chinese companies up to gain an irreversible dominance over artificial intelligence.曾在拜登政府任职的前高级官员警告，允许英伟达向中国销售芯片可能会让中国公司在人工智能领域取得不可逆转的主导地位。Last week, President Trump outlined a plan for A.I. development that recommended using location verification features to enforce export controls and prevent “foreign adversaries” from accessing American chips. In May, a group of U.S. lawmakers introduced a bill that would require that chips subject to export controls be able to relay their location.上周，特朗普总统概述了一项人工智能发展计划，正式建议使用位置核实功能，以强制执行出口管制，并防止“外国对手”使用美国的芯片。今年5月，美国国会的一个立法小组提出了一项要求受出口管制的芯片具备位置回传功能的法案。The H20 is not Nvidia’s most powerful chip, but it is coveted by Chinese companies for use in artificial intelligence systems. The reversal comes at a crucial time when Chinese A.I. companies are working to improve their technology and catch up to American rivals.H20并非英伟达最为强大的芯片，但研发人工智能系统的中国公司很想得到它。取消禁令的大逆转发生在中国人工智能公司大力改进技术、追赶美国竞争对手的关键时刻。China accounted for $17 billion of Nvidia’s revenue during its last fiscal year, according to the advisory firm Bernstein Research, and Mr. Huang has previously said that the company expected to sell billions of dollars of chips in China this year. In Beijing earlier this month, Mr. Huang declined to estimate exactly how many H20 chips would now be sold in China.据咨询公司伯恩斯坦研究的数据，上个财年中国市场为英伟达贡献了170亿美元的收入。黄仁勋此前称，预计公司今年的芯片对华销售将达到数十亿美元。本月初，黄仁勋在北京时拒绝透露H20芯片在中国的具体销量。Nvidia did not immediately respond to a request for comment.英伟达没有马上回应置评请求。Siyi Zhao自北京对本文有研究贡献。Meaghan Tobin是时报科技记者，常驻台北，报道亚洲地区的商业和科技新闻，重点关注中国。Xinyun Wu是《纽约时报》记者/研究员，常驻台北，报道科技、台湾和中国新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。