Living With Extreme Heat? These Cities Are Taking Action

Wait 5 sec.

Over 170 million people are under heat alerts in the U.S. this week, with temperatures reaching record highs across the country. Tampa, Fla. recently hit a record high of 100 degrees on Sunday, and many cities across the country, from New York City, to Kansas City, to Las Vegas are expected to see temperatures in the high 90s or even 100 degrees. [time-brightcove not-tgx=”true”]Extreme heat waves are no longer anomalies—it’s becoming the norm. Human-caused climate change has at least doubled the number of extreme heat days in 195 countries and territories when compared to a world without climate change, according to a Climate Central study. “What we’ve experienced in the past, is that no matter where you are, you are going to experience heat waves,” says Melissa Guardaro, adjunct faculty at the Arizona State University School of Sustainability. “So I think that it’s best to prepare for not only the emergencies like heat waves and heat domes, but also long-term increase in urban heat.”How are the hottest states adapting to extreme heat?Extreme heat kills more people in the U.S. than any other weather-related natural disaster—but it’s still not recognized as a “disaster” under the Stafford Act, the federal law that establishes how the government responds to natural disasters. “​​In many places, you don’t have one person or one department that is specifically tasked with coordinating the heat efforts throughout the municipality,” says Guardaro.Many cities have taken up the mantle of addressing the issue on their own. In 2021, Miami, Fla. became the first city in the world to appoint a chief heat officer. Soon after, Phoenix, Ariz.—which typically sees summer temperatures climb into the triple digits—appointed David Hondula as heat mitigation officer. The rest of Arizona soon followed suit: in 2024, the state became the first in the U.S. to appoint a chief heat officer. “The gold standard is the city of Phoenix,” says Guardaro, who notes that the city now has an entire office dedicated to heat mitigation. Other cities are implementing a range of solutions. Jacksonville, Fla. has taken up initiatives to connect people with resources such as cooling centers during a heat wave, says Guardaro. Bridgeport, Conn. is creating “cool corridors,” planting trees and using reflective paint to create shaded, cool pedestrian walkways. And New York City is taking steps to protect those most vulnerable to extreme heat—distributing “cool kits” to outdoor workers that includes sunscreen, electrolytes, an ice pack, and a cooling towel as part of a pilot program last summer. Is anywhere immune to extreme heat?Even states that might previously have been fair-weathered are no longer immune to extreme heat—San Francisco, usually blanketed by a cool fog, is expected to see anywhere from 7 to 25 extreme heat days a season by mid-century if high emissions continue. In many cases, extreme heat is already here: in 2021, hundreds of people died when temperatures hit over 100 degrees in the mild-tempered Pacific Northwest. A number of cities, including Caribou, Maine and Grand Junction, Colorado had their warmest summers on record in 2024. How cities around the world are responding to heat wavesAround the world, Athens, Dhaka, and Santiago are some of the cities that appointed their own heat officers in recent years. The job is “at the intersection of emergency response, public health, and urban planning,” says Gregory Wellenius, director of the Center for Climate and Health at Boston University. “Those offices are important to bring people together from different units to have a more targeted approach, rather than every department doing what they think is best.”Cities are also taking other measures to address extreme heat. In India, where the number of people exposed to extreme heat continues to rise, the city of Ahmedabad developed an early warning system capable of issuing warnings seven days before a heat wave. The system, combined with policy changes, has caused heat related deaths in the city to fall by around 20%.In 2022, Seville, Spain made the decision to begin naming heat waves, as part of a heat wave categorization system designed to better monitor and deploy resources during extreme heat waves. Read More: Zoe, the World’s First Named Heat Wave, Arrives in SevilleIt’s important that cities develop long-term solutions to help mitigate heat, says Wellenius. “You can’t be in emergency mode the whole time.”Germany’s larger cities are adopting a “sponge city” approach to flooding and heat, utilizing heat-resistant road surfaces and light colored buildings to reflect heat. In Antwerp, developers must now follow building codes that take heat resilience into account—certain buildings are required to install green rooftops, or paint exteriors in light, heat reflecting colors.Cities can start small and build up their heat plans along the way, says Guardaro. “When you start to string [the small things] together in a strategic manner, it actually ends up being something that’s really great in the long term.”