ALI WATKINS2025年7月31日 Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of SciencesFrom Japan to Hawaii and California, people were tracking the effects of a tsunami after a powerful earthquake struck overnight in the North Pacific off the coast of Russia’s Far East.俄罗斯远东沿海的北太平洋海域发生强烈地震后，从日本到夏威夷和加利福尼亚，人们在追踪海啸的动态。Hawaii and parts of California spent hours under a tsunami warning, with officials urging residents to stay away from shorelines and seek shelter on higher ground. The waves first hit California around 1 a.m. local time.夏威夷和加利福尼亚部分地区发布了长达几个小时的海啸警报，官员敦促民众远离海岸线，前往地势较高的地方寻找躲避处。加利福尼亚已在当地时间凌晨1点左右出现了最早的海啸波。By Wednesday morning, many official tsunami warnings had been downgraded to advisories, with minimal damage and no reported deaths.截至美国时间周三早上，许多地方已将海啸警报降级为海啸警告，海啸造成的损失轻微，暂无人员死亡报告。Still, officials warned people to stay away from beaches and out of the water as Hawaii and parts of the California coast braced for what could be 24 hours of surging waves and tidal swells. Here’s what to know:尽管如此，官员们仍警告人们远离海滩，不要下海活动，夏威夷和加利福尼亚部分海岸为可能持续24小时的巨浪和潮涌严阵以待。以下是你应该知道的：Where has the tsunami hit and what’s next?海啸已在哪些地区出现？接下来会发生什么？Waves began arriving in Hawaii around 7:30 p.m. local time Tuesday evening, and first hit the coasts of Northern California and Washington State around 1 a.m. local time. A 3.6-foot wave was recorded in Crescent City, Calif., overnight, and a 5.7-foot wave reached Maui, Hawaii, late on Tuesday, the tallest recorded so far for this tsunami. Smaller surges hit parts of Alaska, which measured tsunami waves around a foot tall on Tuesday evening.海啸波已在当地时间周二晚7点30分左右出现在夏威夷，而最早的海啸波已于当地时间周三凌晨1点左右出现在加利福尼亚州北部和华盛顿州的海岸。加州新月城在周二至周三的夜间记录到近1.1米高的海浪，夏威夷的毛伊岛在周二晚些时候出现了1.7米高的海浪，是到目前为止仪器记录到的此次海啸最高波浪。阿拉斯加的部分地区也出现了较小的海啸波，该州周二晚测到的海啸波高度约为0.3米。Many beaches and shorelines across those areas were closed, and officials warned residents not to be lured into a false sense of security.相关地区的许多海滩和海岸线都已关闭，官员警告民众勿因浪小而放松警惕。What triggered this tsunami?是什么原因引发了这次海啸？An 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck off Russia’s eastern coast in shallow waters of the North Pacific on Tuesday morning, causing significant aftershocks and damage to structures in Russia, and setting off a ripple of tsunami warnings from Japan to the California coast, as well as Central and Latin America.俄罗斯远东海岸附近的北太平洋浅水区于周二早上发生8.8级地震，并伴有强烈余震，导致俄罗斯境内建筑物损毁，同时引发了从日本到加州海岸，乃至中美洲和拉丁美洲的一系列海啸警报。If the quake’s magnitude is confirmed by scientists, it will be one of the largest ever recorded.如果科学家们最终修订的震级也是8.8级的话，这将成为有记录以来最强烈的地震之一。What damage has the tsunami caused?这次海啸已造成哪些破坏？As of early Wednesday morning Pacific time, damage in the United States was minimal after the first waves arrived in Hawaii and across the West Coast. In Hawaii, a tsunami warning was downgraded to an advisory after officials said the biggest waves had likely passed and major flooding was not likely.截至美国太平洋时间周三凌晨，第一波海啸在夏威夷和西海岸沿线出现后造成的损失微乎其微。夏威夷的海啸警报已降级为警告，官员们此前表示，最大的海啸波可能已经过去，不太可能发生大规模的水灾。In Oregon and California, officials urged residents to stay vigilant even as warnings were downgraded, saying that dangerous currents could still occur in the water, and waves could continue to surge through the night.虽然俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州的海啸预警级别也已降低，但官员们仍敦促民众保持警惕，海里仍可能出现危险的水流，整个夜间可能会持续出现汹涌的海涛。In Russia, the earthquake damaged structures and caused cliff faces to collapse into the sea. Videos from the area showed homes and other structures shaking violently and buildings awash in seawater.在俄罗斯，地震导致建筑物损毁，悬崖坍塌坠入海中。来自地震灾区的视频显示，住宅和其他建筑物剧烈摇晃，一些房屋遭海水浸灌。There have been no reports of injuries or deaths caused by the tsunami so far.目前尚无海啸造成人员伤亡的报告。What should I do to prepare for a tsunami?如何做好海啸防范？The U.S. government provides tips for preparing for tsunamis. Among them: Know your community’s evacuation plans and practice them ahead of time. Maps of tsunami inundation zones and evacuation routes that can guide your planning may be available for your area. At home and in other places where you spend time, “you have to know your threat,” said Christa von Hillebrandt-Andrade, a manager in the Caribbean office of the International Tsunami Information Center.美国政府提供海啸防范的实用信息。包括：知道你所在社区的疏散方案，并在灾害发生前进行演练。查询所在地区的海啸淹没区和疏散路线图，它们能指导你制定应急计划。无论是在住所附近，还是常去的地方，“你需要对那里的海啸威胁有所了解，”国际海啸信息中心加勒比海办事处的负责人克里斯塔·冯·希勒布兰特-安德拉德说。Dave Snider, a tsunami warning coordinator at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, advised having “multiple ways to receive emergency information.” In the United States, you may be able to receive emergency alerts, including information about tsunamis, through an app from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, he said. Alerts may also be available locally or on NOAA Weather Radio.美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的海啸预警协调员戴夫·斯奈德的建议是，“有多条接收紧急信息的渠道”。在美国，你也许能下载一个联邦紧急事务管理局的应用程序，用它来接收紧急警报，包括有关海啸的信息，他说。当地的广播电台或NOAA气象台也可能提供紧急信息。What do I do during an earthquake or tsunami?地震或海啸发生时应该如何应对？During an earthquake, drop to the ground, cover your body to prevent injuries (by crawling under a table, for example) and hold on, according to the Earthquake Country Alliance.据地震国家联盟建议，地震发生时要“趴下、掩护身体（比如，躲在桌子下）和抓牢”。If you are notified that an earthquake may have set off a tsunami in your area, heed the instructions you are given. Move as high and as far inland as you can.如果你接到通知说，地震可能在你所在地区引发海啸，要听从通知的指示。向尽可能高、离海岸线尽可能远的地方撤离。But don’t wait around for a notification if you notice something is amiss — even a couple of minutes can make a life-or-death difference, Ms. von Hillebrandt-Andrade said. “You have to recognize the natural warning signs,” she said. “If you feel an earthquake that is so strong that you can’t stay on your feet and you live in a coastal area, you have to self-evacuate.”但如果你注意到有什么不对头的话，不要等通知——生死可能就是那么几分钟的时间，冯·希勒布兰特-安德拉德说。“要会识别自然预警信号，”她说。“如果你住在沿海地区，那里发生了大地震，强度大到让你站不稳的话，你需要自主撤离。”Ali Watkins常驻贝尔法斯特，为《纽约时报》报道国际新闻。翻译：Cindy Hao点击查看本文英文版。