Country: Kenya Source: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Please refer to the attached file. What happened, where and when?In 2024, Kenya faced a significant public health concern following the detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), with three confirmed cases reported in the country. The outbreak occurred in a high-risk setting characterized by low immunization coverage and heightened vulnerability due to population displacement and cross-border movement.On 8 September 2024, the Ministry of Health confirmed two new cases out of 60 stool samples tested. These cases were identified in a refugee camp located in Turkana West sub-county, as communicated to the Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS) by the Turkana County Health Department. The new cases were in addition to an earlier one reported in the same camp.The first case was identified from a stool sample collected on 12 June 2024 from a 14-month-old male child residing in the Turkana West refugee camp. The child, originally from Torit district in South Sudan, had arrived at the camp amid escalating conflict between Ethiopian and South Sudanese communities, which triggered displacement into Kenya in late June. The stool sample, processed with some delay, tested positive for cVDPV2 on 15 July 2024. KRCS, which provides health services in the camp, initiated contact tracing among the child’s close contacts, particularly at the reception centre where the family had been temporarily settled.Given the low vaccination coverage, cross-border transmission risks, and localized vulnerabilities, the circulation of a vaccine-derived virus represented a significant public health emergency. The Ministry of Health (MOH) declared Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIA) in response to the cases in the Kalobeyei camp. Round 1 was planned for 2nd–6th October 2024, with KRCS taking a lead role in social mobilization efforts.After September 2024, Kenya saw no new confirmed polio cases following the initial five detected cases. This decline coincided with intensive vaccination campaigns, cross-border coordination, and enhanced surveillance. By mid‑2025, Kenya appears to have interrupted further transmission, with campaigns continuing through April 2025 to maintain immunity in high-risk zones.