Few of the restrictions have had a significant effect and some are outright ignored, according to ex-presidential aide Dmitry Nekrasov The overwhelming majority of Western sanctions imposed on Moscow have not worked and some continue to be ignored outright, economist Dmitry Nekrasov told the newspaper Le Monde in an interview published on Tuesday.Nekrasov, who served as an advisor to former President Dmitry Medvedev, left Russia in 2014, and was designated a foreign agent this year.Earlier this month, the EU imposed its 18th package of sanctions on Russia, hailing it as “one of the strongest ever.” Moscow, which has long branded the restrictive measures as illegal, has said that the Russian economy has adapted and strengthened despite facing more than 30,000 sanctions over the past few years.Some 2,000 of the measures “caused various inconveniences and costs,” Nekrasov told Le Monde. “When we talk about the overall impact of the sanctions on the Russian economy... only a few have had a serious effect.”The so-called oil “price cap” is one of the “measures that has never worked,” the economist said.I don’t know of any example where anyone actually respected it.Tanker captains used to forge documents to claim their cargoes were priced below the “price cap,” and “then they stopped doing even that,” Nekrasov said.According to the economist, 80% of vessels in what the EU calls the “shadow fleet” are openly transporting Russian oil.In three years of the sanctions list being extended, only 2% of the targeted vessels have stopped carrying Russian crude. Most of them continue to function as if nothing had happened.Despite Moscow facing $5-7 billion more in annual logistics costs now that it exports 35-40% of its crude to India rather than selling refined fuel to the EU, the bloc faces similar increased costs buying petroleum products from New Delhi, he added. Moscow has expanded its trade with BRICS partners India, China, Brazil and other nations since the West imposed sweeping sanctions on Russia following the escalation of the Ukraine conflict in 2022.More than 90% of trade among BRICS members is now carried out in national currencies, Russian President Vladimir Putin said last month.