News & ViewsPublished: 22 July 2025NanomedicineJessica C. Hsu ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-28341,2,Jingwei Zhou3 &Weibo Cai ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-08331,2 Nature Biomedical Engineering (2025)Cite this articleSubjectsMetabolic engineeringNanoparticlesUltrasound-responsive lipid nanoparticles encapsulating thylakoid fragments sourced from plants and ascorbic acid restore mitochondrial function, treating acute kidney injury in mice and pigs.This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institutionAccess optionsAccess Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journalsGet Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription27,99 € / 30 dayscancel any timeLearn moreSubscribe to this journalReceive 12 digital issues and online access to articles118,99 € per yearonly 9,92 € per issueLearn moreBuy this articlePurchase on SpringerLinkInstant access to full article PDFBuy nowPrices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkoutFig. 1: Schematic illustration of acute kidney injury treatment using ultrasound-responsive nanovesicles.ReferencesBhargava, P. & Schnellmann, R. G. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 13, 629–646 (2017).CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kellum, J. A. et al. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 7, 52 (2021).PubMed Google Scholar van der Rijt, S., Leemans, J. C., Florquin, S., Houtkooper, R. H. & Tammaro, A. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 18, 588–603 (2022).PubMed Google Scholar Li, L. et al. Exploration 3, 20220148 (2023).CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Jiang, D. et al. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2, 865–877 (2018).CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hou, J. et al. Nano Lett. 20, 1447–1454 (2020).CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sun, T. et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1904833 (2019).CAS Google Scholar Hershberger, K. A., Martin, A. S. & Hirschey, M. D. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 13, 213–225 (2017).CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lei, Y. et al. Nat. Biomed. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01402-y (2025).Article PubMed Google Scholar Wang, Y., Li, S., Liu, L., Lv, F. & Wang, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 5308–5311 (2017).CAS Google Scholar Katoh, A., Uenohara, K., Akita, M. & Hashimoto, T. Plant Physiol. 141, 851–857 (2006).CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Li, Y. et al. ACS Nano 12, 1455–1461 (2018).CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zhou, H.-L. et al. Nature 565, 96–100 (2019).CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USAJessica C. Hsu & Weibo CaiDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USAJessica C. Hsu & Weibo CaiDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaJingwei ZhouAuthorsJessica C. HsuView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarJingwei ZhouView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarWeibo CaiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarCorresponding authorCorrespondence to Weibo Cai.Ethics declarationsCompeting interestsW.C. declares competing interests with the following corporations: Portrai, Inc., rTR Technovaation Corporation and Four Health Global Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The other authors declare no competing interests.Rights and permissionsReprints and permissionsAbout this article