Countries: Mali, Guinea, Mauritania, Senegal Sources: International Organization for Migration, REACH Initiative, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. Situation in Mali’s border areas— Guinea: The Guinean government has decided to temporarily ban cross-border transhumance from January 2025 to March 2026. Transhumance routes are increasingly blocked by agricultural land, fuelling conflicts between agro-pastoral communities1 .— Mali: According to the humanitarian assessment of the central Sahel conducted by REACH in December 2024, 98 per cent of the localities assessed in Timbuktu and 84 per cent of those assessed in Ségou were affected by one or more shocks related to insecurity, violence or looting. In the Diré, Gourma Rharous and Niafunké (Timbuktu) districts, all (100 per cent) localities were reportedly affected. Among the shocks, key informants also reported flooding in 68 per cent of the localities assessed in Ségou and 64 per cent in Timbuktu.— Mauritania: Mauritanian authorities have launched a campaign to force return displaced persons, targeting in particular those from Mali, Senegal, Guinea and Ivory Coast. The authorities have also introduced a biometric system to strengthen border controls.