DAVID PIERSON2025年9月3日北京在举行“二战”结束80周年纪念活动之前布置的宣传花坛，摄于周日。 Ng Han Guan/Associated PressChina began a military spectacle on Wednesday that will rumble through the ceremonial heart of the capital, featuring fighter jets, tanks and the latest in Chinese military technology in the country’s most ambitious display of power and diplomatic reach in years.中国周三在首都的庆典中心举行了一场盛大的军事盛典，战斗机、坦克和最新的中国军事技术亮相，这是中国近年来最雄心勃勃的一次实力和外交影响力展示。As China’s leader, Xi Jinping, presided over the parade, he was flanked by President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia and North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-un, along with about 20 other leaders. It was a rare gathering of autocrats who have positioned themselves in opposition to the U.S.-led world order.在习近平主持阅兵时，俄罗斯总统普京、朝鲜领导人金正恩以及约20位其他领导人陪同在侧。这是一场罕见的威权领导人聚会，他们都将自己定位为对抗美国主导的世界秩序的力量。The event was rich in symbolism. Senior Chinese officials, current and retired, gathered in the rostrum of Tiananmen Gate above a large portrait of Mao Zedong, overlooking the Avenue of Heavenly Peace.这场活动充满象征意味。中国现任与卸任的高级官员齐聚天安门城楼，站在毛泽东巨幅画像上方，俯瞰长安街。The parade, which honors the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II, is the highlight of a weekslong campaign by the ruling Communist Party to stoke nationalism, recast China’s role in that conflict, and project the party as the nation’s savior against a foreign aggressor, Imperial Japan.这次纪念“二战”结束80周年的阅兵式是执政的共产党为期数周的宣传活动的重头戏，旨在煽动民族主义，重塑中国在“二战”中的角色定位，并将共产党塑造成对抗外国侵略者——日本帝国主义的民族救星。As cannons fired 80 times to mark the anniversary, soldiers carrying the Chinese flag goose-stepped across a red carpet. Crowds watching the parade waved flags and saluted as the national anthem was played and the flag was raised.随着80响纪念周年的礼炮鸣响，士兵们举着中国国旗正步走过红毯。观看阅兵式的人群挥舞旗帜，在众人的注视下，国歌奏响，国旗冉冉升起。The evoking of wartime memories serves to rally domestic Chinese support in the face of economic uncertainty and rising tensions with the United States over trade and other disputes. 在经济前景不明朗、中美贸易等争端持续升温的背景下，唤起战争记忆旨在凝聚国内的支持。“The Chinese nation is a great nation that fears no tyranny and stands firm on its own feet,” Mr. Xi said in a speech. “When faced in the past with a life-and-death struggle between justice and evil, light and darkness, progress and reaction, the Chinese people united in hatred of the enemy and rose up in resistance.”“中华民族是不畏强暴、自立自强的伟大民族，”习近平在讲话中说。“当年，面对正义与邪恶、光明与黑暗、进步与反动的生死较量，中国人民同仇敌忾、奋起反抗。”Later, Mr. Xi, in a Mao-style suit, stood in the open sunroof of a Chinese-made Red Flag limousine as he reviewed People’s Liberation Army troops. He called out, “Greetings, comrades,” and “Comrades, you are working hard!”随后，身着中山装的习近平站在一辆中国制造的红旗检阅车天窗中，检阅中国人民解放军部队，并高呼“同志们好！”和“同志们辛苦了！”The troops turned their heads in perfect synchronicity as Mr. Xi’s car passed them, and responded in unison: “Follow the Party! Fight to win! Forge exemplary conduct!”在习近平的检阅车经过时，士兵们的视线整齐划一地跟随，并齐声回应：“听党指挥！能打胜仗！作风优良！”“This great victory fully demonstrates that the people are the creators of history and the true heroes, that the Chinese nation possesses tenacious vitality and extraordinary creativity, and that the Communist Party of China is the most reliable backbone of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation,” the party’s mouthpiece, People’s Daily, said in an editorial on Wednesday.“这一伟大胜利充分证明，人民是历史的创造者、是真正的英雄，中华民族是具有顽强生命力和非凡创造力的民族，中国共产党是中国人民和中华民族最可靠的主心骨，”党的喉舌《人民日报》周三发表社论称。China and Russia have echoed each other’s version of World War II and the role their countries played in ending it.中俄两国在“二战”及各自在结束战争方面所发挥作用的表述上互相呼应。“For both Xi and Putin, victory was costly, but incomplete. They believe that ‘hegemonic forces’ still want to impose a foreign model upon them and block their rightful place in the world,” said Joseph Torigian, an associate professor at American University. “Now, they want to use the memory of the war to inoculate future generations against western values and legitimate the global order they envision.”“对习近平和普京而言，胜利的代价沉重却未竟全功。他们认为，‘霸权势力’仍然想把外国模式强加给他们，阻挠其获得应有的国际地位，”美利坚大学副教授约瑟夫·托里吉安说。“现在，他们想利用这场战争的记忆，使后代对西方价值观产生免疫，并为其构想的全球秩序正名。”The parade is also a warning to countries like the United States that Beijing regards as seeking to contain China’s rise. And Mr. Xi offered an implicit message to Taiwan and its international supporters of the perils of any move toward formal independence.阅兵也是向美国等国家发出的警告——在北京看来，这些国家企图遏制中国崛起。习近平还向台湾及其国际支持者发出一个不言自明的信息：任何走向正式独立的举动都是危险的。“The stronger China grows, the more secure the world will be,” the official Xinhua News Agency said in a commentary this week. “The Chinese nation will not allow itself to be humiliated or bullied again, as it was by imperialist powers in the past.”“中国发展得越强大，世界就越安全，”新华社本周在一篇评论文章中表示。“中华民族决不允许自己再像过去那样被帝国主义列强羞辱和欺负。”The parade was expected to display new ship-destroying missiles and an array of weaponry — including undersea drones and crewless combat planes — that highlight China’s investments in military innovation.阅兵式预计将展示新型反舰导弹及一系列武器装备——包括水下无人机和无人作战飞机——彰显中国在军事创新领域的投入。The event opened under extremely tight security, with many roads closed ahead of time. Journalists had been told to assemble at a site shortly before 3 a.m. for equipment checks before being led to Tiananmen Square three hours before the start of the parade.活动在严密的安保措施下拉开帷幕，多条道路提前封闭。记者们被要求凌晨三点前前往指定地点集合进行设备检查，随后在阅兵开始前三小时被引导至天安门广场。The guest list of over two dozen world leaders is as notable for who is attending as for who is not, underscoring how much the divide between Beijing and the West has deepened, particularly over China’s close alignment with Russia in its war in Ukraine.宾客名单上有二十多位世界领导人，缺席者与出席者同样引人注目，这凸显出北京与西方之间分歧的加深，尤其是在中国与俄罗斯在乌克兰战争中密切结盟的问题上。Conspicuously absent are high-level representatives from major Western democracies including the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Australia.显而易见的缺席者包括美国、英国、法国、德国和澳大利亚等西方主要民主国家的高层代表。But the leaders of many Southeast Asian and Central Asian nations attended, and that, along with a gathering of a Eurasian security grouping in Tianjin that ended Monday, showed China’s success in strengthening regional partnerships.但是，许多东南亚和中亚国家的领导人出席了这次会议，此外，周一在天津结束的欧亚安全组织会议也表明，中国在加强地区伙伴关系方面取得了成功。”Xi is driven to gain acceptance of China as a central global power and to revise the international system to better suit China’s preferences,” said Ryan Hass, director of the John L. Thornton China Center at the Brookings Institution. “He views the presence of other leaders at his parade as validating progress toward his goals.”布鲁金斯学会约翰·L·桑顿中国中心主任何瑞恩(Ryan Hass)指出：“习近平致力于推动中国成为全球核心力量，并重塑国际体系以契合中国诉求。他将各国领导人出席阅兵视为对其目标推进的认可。”储百亮(Chris Buckley)和郭莉莉(Lily Kuo)自台湾台北对本文有报道贡献。David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。他从事新闻工作已超过20年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。