Data availabilityThe omics data are freely and publicly available. Level-2 data, including transcriptome raw counts and log2 peak areas for the proteome and metabolome, are accessible on Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26963386 (ref. 64). For the level-1 raw data, the raw FASTQ files of the transcriptome have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive at the National Genomics Data Center65,66 (GSA CRA026248), publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa. The raw LC–MS/MS data for the proteome have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE67 partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD066108 and also deposited to OMIX66 (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/omix, accession no. OMIX001778). The raw LC–MS/MS data for the metabolome are deposited in OMIX (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/omix, accession no. OMIX001779).Code availabilityThe code to reproduce the results in this study is available on Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26963386 (ref. 64) or GitHub at https://github.com/GonghuaLi/Macaca_30tissue_aging. Supplementary Data 10 provides a comprehensive PDF document generated from the coding of R Markdown (RMD) file, containing all code and results.ReferencesLópez-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M. & Kroemer, G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 153, 1194–1217 (2013).Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kaeberlein, M., Rabinovitch, P. S. & Martin, G. M. Healthy aging: the ultimate preventative medicine. Science 350, 1191–1193 (2015).Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lopez-Otin, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M. & Kroemer, G. Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe. Cell 186, 243–278 (2023).Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Schaum, N. et al. Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures. 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Nucleic Acids Res. 53, D543–D553 (2025).Article PubMed Google Scholar Download referencesAcknowledgementsThis work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3603400 to Q.-P.K.), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82430049 to Q.-P.K.), the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-076 to Q.-P.K.), Major Special Projects of Yunnan province (2018ZF007), the project entitled ‘Transformation of sub totipotent stem cells based on the tree shrew model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome’ (SYDW[2020]19), West Light Foundation (to F.-H.X.) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Province Kunming Medical University Joint Special Key Project (202301AY070001-034), Key Technologies and Translational Research on Clinical-Grade Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Products for Reversing Aging, Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project (202401AW070011, 202101AS070058, 202201AS070080 and 202301AT070281), Reserve Talent Project of Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders in Yunnan Province (202305AC160029), High-level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming (Spring City Plan; 2020SCP001 to Q.-P.K.), Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Yunling Scholar Project (Q.-P.K.), Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Young Talent Project (G.-H.L.), Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme (F.-H.X.) and Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Top team (202505AT350003 and 202405AS350022). We thank Novogene for technical assistance in the transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics data acquisition, and C. Watts for help in proofreading the manuscript.Author informationAuthor notesThese authors contributed equally: Gong-Hua Li, Xiang-Qing Zhu, Fu-Hui Xiao.Authors and AffiliationsState Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaGong-Hua Li, Fu-Hui Xiao, Longbao Lv, Fan-Qian Yin, Ming-Xia Ge & Qing-Peng KongStem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions, Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Basic Medical Laboratory, 920th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, ChinaXiang-Qing Zhu, Xilong Zhao, Le Chang, Qiang Wang, Jing Zhao, Chuan Tian, Zian Li, Guangping Ruan, Rongqing Pang, Jing Gao, Lihua Ma & Xing-Hua PanDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaFu-Hui XiaoCAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaQing-Peng KongAuthorsGong-Hua LiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarXiang-Qing ZhuView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarFu-Hui XiaoView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarXilong ZhaoView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarLongbao LvView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarFan-Qian YinView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarLe ChangView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarMing-Xia GeView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarQiang WangView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarJing ZhaoView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarChuan TianView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarZian LiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarGuangping RuanView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarRongqing PangView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarJing GaoView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarLihua MaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarXing-Hua PanView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarQing-Peng KongView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarContributionsQ.-P.K. and X.-H.P. conceived and designed the study. G.-H.L. performed the multi-omics analysis. X.-Q.Z. conducted the experimental validation. G.-H.L., F.-H.X., F.-Q.Y. and M.-X.G. performed the statistical analysis. X.-Q.Z., X.Z., L.L., L.C., Q.W. and J.Z. collected samples. X.-Q.Z., X.Z., L.C., Q.W. and J.Z. performed H&E staining and scoring. T.C., Z.L., G.R., R.P., J.G. and L.M. performed immunofluorescence and scoring. G.-H.L., F.-H.X., X.-Q.Z., X.-H.P. and Q.-P.K. drafted and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to Xing-Hua Pan or Qing-Peng Kong.Ethics declarationsCompeting interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.Peer reviewPeer review informationNature Methods thanks João Pedro de Magalhães, and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available. Primary Handling Editor: Madhura Mukhopadhyay, in collaboration with the Nature Methods team.Additional informationPublisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Extended dataExtended Data Fig. 1 Aging-related mRNAs and proteins across 30 tissues in macaques.Aging-associated mRNAs and proteins overlapping across 30 tissues were identified using a false discovery rate (FDR) 0.008. Here, βp represents the age effect size derived from a pooled linear regression model (molecular abundance ~ age + tissue), while βt represents the age effect size from tissue-specific linear models (molecular abundance ~ age per tissue). For each individual tissue, statistical significance was assessed using two-sided t-tests on the age coefficients derived from the tissue-specific linear models, and these P values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. Exact P values are provided in Supplementary Data 1-2. The P values of